(Also known as: DNBP; dinosebe; dinitro-general; DN 289)
SUMMARY
Dinoseb is a herbicide that was once widely used. It has a moderate aqueous solubility, is volatile and has a high potential for leaching to groundwater. It is not generally persistent in soil systems but can be persistent in water. It is highly toxic to mammals and may cause development/reproduction effects. Dinoseb is also a know irritant. It is highly toxic to birds, moderately toxic to fish but presents less of a risk to honeybees.
Data alerts
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate
Ecotoxicity
Human health
Environmental fate High alert: GUS: High leachability; Drainflow: Mobile
Ecotoxicity High alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: High; Fish acute ecotoxicity: High; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: High
Human health High alert: Mammals acute toxicity: High; Reproduction/development effects
GENERAL INFORMATION
Description
An obsolete dinitrophenol herbicide that was used for post-emergence weed control in a variety of crops including cereals, vegetables and some soft fruit
Contact. Inhibits respiratory electron transport and is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of proton gradient - membrane disruption.
CAS RN
88-85-7
EC number
201-861-7
CIPAC number
46
US EPA chemical code
037505
PubChem CID
6950
CLP index number
609-025-00-7
Molecular mass
240.22
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)
rac-2-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-4,6-dinitrophenol
IUPAC name
(RS)-2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
CAS name
2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitrophenol
Other status information
Chemical subject to PIC regulations; Marine Pollutant; Rotterdam Convention (Class O); Subject to the provisions of the UK Poisons Act 1972
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards
-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)
M
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)
24
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)
Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)
Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance
-
Physical state
Dark reddish brown solid or orange viscous liquid depending upon temperature
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically
DowElanco
Hoeschst
Schering
Example products using this active
Aretit
Ivosit
Supersevtox
Premerge
Caldon: Chemox
Subitex
Nitrapone
Formulation and application details
Available in a variety of formulations including soluble liquids and emulsifiable concentrates.
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
52
G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 4 = Verified data
Moderate
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
480000
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source
Ethanol
-
270000
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
Ethanol
-
Melting point (°C)
38
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
-
Boiling point (°C)
-
-
-
Degradation point (°C)
-
-
-
Flashpoint (°C)
177
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C
P
1.95 X 1002
Calculated
-
Log P
2.29
H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data
Low
Fat solubility of residues
Solubility
-
-
-
Data type
-
-
-
Density (g ml⁻¹)
1.35
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source
-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C
4.62
DW4 DW = Don Wauchope personal database for Pka data: Wauchope, R. D. and Edwards, J. Dissociation constants for pesticide active ingredients: a database and comparison with predicted values. MS in preparation 4 = Verified data
-
Weak acid
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)
6.7
G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 4 = Verified data
Moderately volatile
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)
6.01 X 10-04
H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data
Non-volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹
-
-
-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)
-
-
-
Degradation
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
General biodegradability
-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)
DT₅₀ (typical)
18
G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 4 = Verified data
Non-persistent
DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)
30
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source
Moderately persistent
DT₅₀ (field)
-
-
-
DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)
-
-
-
DT₉₀ (field)
-
-
-
DT₅₀ modelling endpoint
-
-
-
Note
General literature data indicates DT₅₀ of 2 to 6 weeks
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7
Value
Stable
T4 T = UN EPFA database 4 = Verified data
Stable
Note
-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
-
Soil adsorption and mobility
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Linear
Kd
-
H3 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source
Mobile
Koc
30
Notes and range
Other sources: 117-123 mL g⁻¹ (R3)
Freundlich
Kf
-
-
-
Kfoc
-
1/n
-
Notes and range
-
pH sensitivity
-
Fate indices
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index
3.73
Calculated
High leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate
Value
6.36 X 10-01
Calculated
-
Note
-
Potential for particle bound transport index
Low
Calculated
-
Potential for loss via drain flow
Mobile
Calculated
-
Bio-concentration factor
BCF (l kg⁻¹)
1.8
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source
Whole body
Low potential
CT₅₀ (days)
Not available
-
Known metabolites
None
ECOTOXICOLOGY
Terrestrial ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
25
G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 4 = Verified data
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242