Tributyltin oxide (Ref: ENT 24979)

Tributyltin oxide (Ref: ENT 24979)	Last updated: 18/03/2021
(Also known as: TBT; bis(tributylstannyl)oxide ; bis(tributyltin)oxide)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

Used mainly as an antifouling agent for use in marine applications or industrial sites

Example pests controlled

Barnacles; Bacteria; Tubeworms; Mussels; Algae

Example applications

Paints; Industrial water systems; Packaging surfaces

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Obsolete

Introduction & key dates

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Not applicable

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Not applicable

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Not applicable

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Chemical formula

C₂₄H₅₄OSn₂

Canonical SMILES

CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

APQHKWPGGHMYKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/6C4H9.O.2Sn/c6*1-3-4-2;;;/h6*1,3-4H2,2H3;;;

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide, Molluscicide, Biocide, Other substance

Other constituent type

Antifouling agent, Wood preservative

Substance group

Organometal

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Broad spectrum, non-systemic, phytotoxic; A metabolic inhibitor with contact and stomach action.

CAS RN

56-35-9

EC number

200-268-0

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

083001

PubChem CID

16682746

Molecular mass

596.15

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

hexabutyldistannoxane

IUPAC name

bis(tributyltin) oxide

CAS name

hexabutyldistannoxane

Other status information

WFD priority substance; Marine pollutant; Chemical subject to PIC regulations; PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

EU Directive 2008/105/EC EQS surface waters: annual average 0.0002 µg l⁻¹; max measured 0.0015 µg l⁻¹
UK statutory standard for the protection of surface water quality: annual average 0.0002 µg l⁻¹; max measured 0.0015 µg l⁻¹

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not known

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Pale yellow liquid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Example products using this active

Formulation and application details

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

100

at 25 °C

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Miscible

Acetone

Miscible

Methanol

Miscible

Ethyl acetate

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

180

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.55 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.19

High

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

1.17

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.000001

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

K_oc

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

Cannot be calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Potential for loss via drain flow

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

7000

(Wide range of values reported between 4.5 and 7000)

High potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Mouse

High

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.0076

Lepomis macrochirus

High

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.0014

Daphnia magna

High

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.000016

Scenedesmus quadricauda

High

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

1.0

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2.5

Eisenia andrei

High

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Soil micro-organisms

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Mouse

High

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

11700

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

Intravenous LD₅₀ = 6.0 mg kg⁻¹

Mouse

Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 7.2 mg kg⁻¹

Rat

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

[TLV (as tin): 0.1 mg/m3 A4, STEL 0.2 mg/m3 A4 (skin) (ACGIH)]

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

PPE/PPC required - absorbed through the skin

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Highly toxic
Absorbed through the skin
Inhalation may interfere with breathing and cause headache, weakness, tremors and incoordination

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Mild oxidising agent
Not explosive
Combustible
IMDG Transport Code is usually 6.1
May emit toxic fumes when heated

CLP classification 2013

Health: H301, H372, H312, H315, H319
Environment: H400, H410

EC Risk Classification

T - Toxic: R48/23/25
Xn - Harmful: R21
Xi - Irritant: R36/38
N - Dangerous for the environment: R50/53

EC Safety Classification

WHO Classification

Ib (Highly hazardous / Highly hazardous)

UN Number

3020

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group II (medium danger)

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

tributyltin oxide

French

German

Bis(tri-n-butylzinn)-oxyd

Danish

Italian

Spanish

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Record last updated:	18/03/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242