DNOC (Ref: ENT 154)

DNOC (Ref: ENT 154)	Last updated: 18/01/2021
(Also known as: dinitrosol; dinitrol; 4,6-dinitro-O-cresol)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A multi-use substance used to control insect and weed pests in agricultural crops.

Example pests controlled

Aphids; Suckers; Tortrix & winder moths; Thrips; Locusts; Spider mites; Annual broad-leaved weeds

Example applications

Cereals; Potatoes; Dormant fruit trees

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Obsolete

Introduction & key dates

1892

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

France

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Also used in

Africa

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Chemical formula

C₇H₆N₂O₅

Canonical SMILES

CC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

ZXVONLUNISGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C7H6N2O5/c1-4-2-5(8(11)12)3-6(7(4)10)9(13)14/h2-3,10H,1H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide, Insecticide, Acaricide, Fungicide

Substance group

Dinitrophenol

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Non-systemic, with contact and stomach action. Cell membrane disruption. Uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of proton gradient.

CAS RN

534-52-1

EC number

208-601-1

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

037507

PubChem CID

10800

Molecular mass

198.13

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol

IUPAC name

4,6-dinitro-o-cresol

CAS name

2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol

Other status information

Chemical subject to PIC regulations; Marine Pollutant; Rotterdam Convention (Class Ib); Strongly phytotoxic

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

None identified

Physical state

Yellow to green coloured crystals

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Sinox
Trifocide
Trifrina
Detal
Dekrysil
Lipan
Nitrador

Example products using this active

Cerexagri Inc.
Blue Spruce
AH Marks
Pennwalt Holland

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as soluble flakes, flowable concentrates and wettable powders

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

13000

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

251000

Toluene

58400

Methanol

4030

Hexane

514000

Acetone

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

196

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

2.45 X 10⁰²

Calculated

Log P

2.39

Low

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

1.58

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

4.48

Weak acid

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

8.7

Moderately volatile

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

1.42 X 10^-01

Moderately volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

8.5

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

General literature DT₅₀ range 4-13 days (R3)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Moderately fast

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Moderately fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Slow

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Moderately mobile

K_oc

300

Notes and range

Other sources: 408 mL g⁻¹ (DW3)

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.98

Calculated

Transition state

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

6.26 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Estimated

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

High

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

3977

Coturnix japonica

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.23

Lepomis macrochirus

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

> 1.11

Pimephales promelas

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 1.1

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 3.4

Scenedesmus subspicatus

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

204

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

16.0

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Soil micro-organisms

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

High

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

187

Mouse

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Main risk of exposure is thought to be from residues on treated crops

Occupational

Operator exposure is a concern even with PPE/PPC

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Mutagenic potential
Very toxic by inhalation, skin contact and ingestion
Easily absorbed through the skin

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Combustable
Explosive when dry
IMDG Transport Code is usually 6.1

CLP classification 2013

Health: H300, H310, H315, H317, H318, H330, H341
Environment: H400, H410

EC Risk Classification

Mutagenic category 3: R68
T+ - Very toxic: R26/27/28
Xn - Harmful: R43, R41
Xi - Irritant: R38
H - Handling risks: R44
N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53

EC Safety Classification

S1/2, S36/37, S45, S60, S61

WHO Classification

Ib (Highly hazardous / Highly hazardous)

UN Number

2779

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group II (medium danger)

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

DNOC

French

DNOC

German

DNOC

Danish

DNOC

Italian

DNOC

Spanish

DNOC

Greek

DNOC

Polish

DNOC

Swedish

DNOC

Hungarian

DNOC

Dutch

DNOC

Record last updated:	18/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242