Endosulfan (Ref: OMS 570) |
![]() Last updated: 18/01/2021 |
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(Also known as: thiodan; benzoepin; FMC 5462; ENT 23979; thiosulfan) |
SUMMARY |
Endosulfan is an insecticide and acaricide that is not approved for use in the EU. It has a low aqueous solubility and is volatile. Based on its chemical properties it may have a tendency to leach to groundwater. Endosulfan is moderately persistent in soil but does not tend to persist in water systems. It is highly toxic to mammals, a neurotoxin and possibly a mutagen. It is moderately toxic to birds, honeybees and earthworms but slightly more toxic to aquatic organisms. |
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An isomer mixture of alpha- and beta-endosulfan which is an insecticide and acaricide used to control sucking, chewing and boring insects | |
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Whiteflies; Aphids; Leafhoppers; Colorado beetle; Cabbage worms; Ticks; Mites; Tstetse flies. | |
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Vegetable crops; Cotton; Potatoes; Tomatoes; Apples | |
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- | |
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Current | |
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circa 1956 |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Expired | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Spain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Also used in |
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Australia, USA |
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Chemical structure |
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A molecule with 4 chiral centres, endosulfan is is a mixture of the alpha- and beta-forms. | |
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C₉H₆Cl₆O₃S | |
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C1C2C(COS(=O)O1)C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl | |
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C1[C@@H]2[C@H](COS(=O)O1)[C@@]3(C(=C([C@]2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl | |
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RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C9H6Cl6O3S/c10-5-6(11)8(13)4-2-18-19(16)17-1-3(4)7(5,12)9(8,14)15/h3-4H,1-2H2 | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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endosulfan | Beta-isomer | ![]() |
General status |
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Insecticide, Acaricide | |
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Organochlorine | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Synthetic | |
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Non-systemic with contact and stomach action, acts as a non-competitive GABA antagonist | |
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115-29-7 | |
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204-079-4 | |
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89 | |
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079401 | |
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3224 | |
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406.93 | |
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(5aE,6E,9E,9aE)-6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-one | |
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1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-8,9,10-trinorborn-5-en-2,3-ylenebismethylene sulfite | |
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6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin 3-oxide | |
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POP - regulated by Stockholm Convention; OSPAR pfa/soc; WFD priority substance; Severe Marine Pollutant; Global ban (2011); Chemical subject to PIC regulation | |
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EU Directive 2008/105/EC EQS surface waters: annual average 0.005 µg l⁻¹; max measured 0.01 µg l⁻¹ UK Statutory standard for the protection of aquatic life in inland waters, coastal and territorial waters: 0.003 µg l⁻¹ as annual average |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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2A | |
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Not applicable | |
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Many recorded cases, Aphis gossypii, Bemisia tabaci, Dasineura tetensi, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Myzus persicae, many others | |
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Colourless to brown coloured crystals |
Formulations |
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Supplied in a variety of formulations including emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, granules and dusts |
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0.32 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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200000 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) Ethyl acetate4 = Verified data |
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65000 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) Ethanol4 = Verified data |
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24000 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) Hexane4 = Verified data |
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200000 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) Toluene4 = Verified data |
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80 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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5.62 X 1004 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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4.75 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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1.8 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.83 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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1.48 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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50 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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39 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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86 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 28-50 days, field studies DT₅₀ range 62-126 days for summer applications, 68-87 days for autumn applications (UK); FAO state DT₅₀ 60-800 days | ||||||||||
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3.7 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 0.1-5.5 days, 19 field crops, various matrices, n=23 | ||||||||||
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4.3 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 0.4-14.5 days, 19 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=41 | ||||||||||
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20 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-mobile | |||||||
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11500 | ||||||||||
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0.28 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Mobile | |||||||
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18.6 | ||||||||||
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0.558 | ||||||||||
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Literature data Kf range 0.08-0.52 mL g⁻¹, Kfoc range 5.7-38.5 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 0.500-0.648, soils=4 | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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5.28 | Calculated | High leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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5.86 X 1000 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Medium | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Non-mobile | Calculated | - |
Key metabolites |
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Soil | - | - |
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2755 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) (Whole fish Literature values log BCF range 1.0-3.7 (R3))4 = Verified data |
Threshold for concern | |||||||
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Not available | - | |||||||||
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38 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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- | L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat 2 year2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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15 | - | |||||||||
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> 111 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Anas platyrhynchos3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.002 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Oncorhynchus mykiss4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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0.0000005 | P4 P = Other governments and regulators Cyprinodon variegatus 28 day4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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0.44 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.24 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Americamysis bahia4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.1 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Chironomus riparius 2 day3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2.15 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Anabaena doliolum4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 7.81 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) Apis mellifera4 = Verified data |
Moderate | |||||||
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> 15.6 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Apis mellifera 24hr3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 1.72 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Bombus terrestris4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.210 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Trigona spinipes4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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Contact | ||||||||||
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> 14 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) Eisenia foetida4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Harmless | AA2 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 Chrysoperla carnea2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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38 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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500 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.013 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.006 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) JMPR 19984 = Verified data |
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0.02 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) JMPR 19984 = Verified data |
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List II | - | - | ||||||||
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Health issues |
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Mutagenic potential Highly toxic Research shows that endosulfan interferes with the spermatogenic & steroidogenic cycles in rats Endocrine issues - Competitive binding to androgen receptors |
Handling issues |
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Corrosive IMDG Transport Code is usually 6.1 |
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Health: H300, H312, H330 Environment: H400, H410 |
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T+ - Very toxic: R26/28 Xn - Harmful: R21 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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S1/2, S28, S36/37, S45, S60, S61, S63 | |||
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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2761 | |||
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Packaging Group II (medium danger) |
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endosulfan | ||
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endosulfan | ||
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Endosulfan | ||
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endosulfan | ||
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endosulfan | ||
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endosulfan | ||
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endosulphan | ||
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endosulfan | ||
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- | ||
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endoszulfan | ||
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endosulfan |
Record last updated: | 18/01/2021 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |