| endothal |
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SUMMARY
Endothal is a herbicide that does not have regulatory approval for use in the EU. It is highly soluble in water and semi-volatile. Based on its chemical properties it is not expected to leach to groundwater. It is generally non-persistent in soils. Endothal is highly toxic to mammals but is not expected to bioaccumulate. It is a recognised irritant. It is moderately toxic to fish and aquatic organisms but is less toxic to birds. GENERAL INFORMATION 
for endothal
Description: An unclassified herbicide, defoliant plant growth regulator and algicide used to control annual grasses, broad-leaved and aquatic weeds
Example pests controlled: Plankton; Pondweed; Coontail; Milfoil; Algae; Fathen; Chickweed
Example applications: Aquatic situations; Sugarbeet; Spinach; Turf; Alfalfa; Potatoes; Cotton
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: circa 1952
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Not applicable |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | - |
| Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: Australia, USA
Chemical structure:
| Isomerism | A chiral molecule with 4 theoretical stereoisomers. The rel-(1R,2S,3R,4S)- isomer is the most effective herbicide. |
| Chemical formula | C8H10O5 |
| Canonical SMILES | C1CC2C(C(C1O2)C(=O)O)C(=O)O |
| Isomeric SMILES | No data |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | GXEKYRXVRROBEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C8H10O5/c9-7(10)5-3-1-2-4(13-3)6(5)8(11)12/h3-6H,1-2H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12) |
| Structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
General status:
| Pesticide type | Herbicide, Algicide, Plant growth regulator | |||
| Substance group | Dicarboxylic acid | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | - | |||
| Known relevant impurities | - | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Selective, contact, absorbed through leaves and roots | |||
| CAS RN | 145-73-3 | |||
| EC number | 205-660-5 | |||
| CIPAC number | 154 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 038901 | |||
| PubChem CID | 3225 | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 186.16 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | (1E,2E,3E,4E)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid | |||
| IUPAC name | 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid | |||
| CAS name | 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid | |||
| Other status information | - | |||
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not known | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | - | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | - | |||
| Physical state | Colourless to white crystals | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use as a pesticide under EC Regulation 1107/2009 | |||
| Formulation and application details | Usually supplied as an aquatic suspension or a granular formulation. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for endothal
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 100000 | G4 | High | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 280000 | L3 - Methanol | - | |
| 76000 | L3 - Dioxane | - | ||
| 70000 | L3 - Acetone | - | ||
| 100 | L3 - Benzene | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 144 | L3 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | L3 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 8.13 X 1001 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 1.91 | V3 | Low | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.43 | L3 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | 3.4 | L3 | - | |
| Note: pKa(2) 6.7 | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) | 2.09 X 10-05 | G4 | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 3.90 X 10-11 | V3 | Non-volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
1.45 | Calculated | Low leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 4.12 X 10-03 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Low | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 5 | G4 | Non-persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 (field) | 7 | F3 | Non-persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | Best available data | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | H3 | Moderately mobile |
| Koc | 85 | |||
| Notes and range | Other sources: Koc 124 mL/g (US3, DW3) | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 0.4 | F4 Whole fish | Low potential |
| CT50 (days) | Not available | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 51 | G4 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | - | - |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | 5000 | F4 Anas platyrhynchos | Low | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 78 | F2 Oncorhynchus mykiss | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 32.5 | F4 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 150 | F4 Americamysis bahia | Low | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | 50 | F2 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, 10 day | Low | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for endothal
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 51 | G4 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 2000 | L3 Rabbit | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.68 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
| Occupational | - | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | Toxic Corrosive effects on gastrointestinal tract |
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: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
No information available | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H301, H312, H315, H319, H335 | |||
| EC Risk Classification |
T - Toxic: R25 Xn - Harmful: R21 Xi - Irritant: R36/37/38 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
S1/2, S36/37/39, S45 | |||
| WHO Classification | II | - | Moderately hazardous | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | II | - | Warning - Moderately toxic | |
| UN Number | - | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | endothal |
| French | endothal |
| German | Endothal |
| Danish | endothal |
| Italian | endotal |
| Spanish | endotal |
| Greek | endothal |
| Slovenian | endotal |
| Polish | endotal |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | endothal |
Record last updated: Wednesday 23 May 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk