Endothal |
![]() Last updated: 18/01/2021 |
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(Also known as: endothall; endothal acid) |
SUMMARY |
Endothal is a herbicide that does not have regulatory approval for use in the EU. It is highly soluble in water and semi-volatile. Based on its chemical properties it is not expected to leach to groundwater. It is generally non-persistent in soils. Endothal is highly toxic to mammals but is not expected to bioaccumulate. It is a recognised irritant. It is moderately toxic to fish and aquatic organisms but is less toxic to birds. |
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An unclassified herbicide, defoliant plant growth regulator and algicide used to control annual grasses, broad-leaved and aquatic weeds | |
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Plankton; Pondweed; Coontail; Milfoil; Algae; Fathen; Chickweed | |
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Aquatic situations; Sugarbeet; Spinach; Turf; Alfalfa; Potatoes; Cotton | |
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Current | |
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circa 1952 |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Expired | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Also used in |
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Australia, USA |
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Chemical structure |
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A chiral molecule with 4 theoretical stereoisomers. The rel-(1R,2S,3R,4S)- isomer is the most effective herbicide. | |
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C₈H₁₀O₅ | |
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C1CC2C(C(C1O2)C(=O)O)C(=O)O | |
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No data | |
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GXEKYRXVRROBEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C8H10O5/c9-7(10)5-3-1-2-4(13-3)6(5)8(11)12/h3-6H,1-2H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12) | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Herbicide, Algicide, Plant growth regulator | |
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Dicarboxylic acid | |
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Synthetic | |
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Selective, contact, absorbed through leaves and roots | |
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145-73-3 | |
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205-660-5 | |
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154 | |
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038901 | |
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3225 | |
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186.16 | |
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(1E,2E,3E,4E)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid | |
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7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid | |
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7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid | |
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- | |
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- | |
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R | |
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31 | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Colourless to white crystals |
Formulations |
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Usually supplied as an aquatic suspension or a granular formulation. |
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100000 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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280000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Methanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
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76000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Dioxane3 = Unverified data of known source |
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70000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Acetone3 = Unverified data of known source |
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100 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Benzene3 = Unverified data of known source |
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144 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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8.13 X 1001 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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1.91 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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1.43 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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3.4 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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pKa(2) 6.7 | |||||||||||
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2.09 X 10-05 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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3.90 X 10-11 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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5 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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7 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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Best available data | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | H3 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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85 | ||||||||||
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Other sources: Koc 124 mL g⁻¹ (US3, DW3) | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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1.75 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.22 X 10-02 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Moderately mobile | Calculated | - |
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0.4 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Whole fish4 = Verified data |
Low potential | |||||||
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Not available | - | |||||||||
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51 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) Rat4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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> 5000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Anas platyrhynchos4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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> 78 | F2 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Oncorhynchus mykiss2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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1.3 | P3 P = Other governments and regulators Pimephales promelas 31 day3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 32.5 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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< 2.2 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 150 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Americamysis bahia4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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50 | F2 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 10 day2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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51 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) Rat4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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2000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rabbit3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.68 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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Toxic Corrosive effects on gastrointestinal tract |
Handling issues |
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No information available | |||
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Health: H301, H312, H315, H319, H335 | |||
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T - Toxic: R25 Xn - Harmful: R21 Xi - Irritant: R36/37/38 |
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S1/2, S36/37/39, S45 | |||
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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endothal | ||
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endothal | ||
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Endothal | ||
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endothal | ||
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endotal | ||
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endotal | ||
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endothal | ||
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endotal | ||
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endothal |
Record last updated: | 18/01/2021 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |