Endrin |
![]() Last updated: 18/01/2021 |
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(Also known as: nendrin; OMS 197; aldrin epoxide; Experimental Insecticide 269) |
SUMMARY |
Endrin is an obsolete, multi-use organochlorine insecticide that is not approved for use in the EU. It has a low aqueous solubility and is non-volatile. Based on its chemical properties it is not expected to leach to groundwater. Endrin tends to be persistent in soil systems. It is highly toxic to mammals and is a neurotoxin. It is also highly toxic to birds, honeybees and most aquatic organisms but slightly less so to earthworms. |
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A multi-use but now obsolete pesticide used to control insects, rodents, and birds. | |
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Aphids; Lygus bugs; Grasshoppers; Small mammals including mice, voles | |
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Field crops; Cotton; Grains; Rice; Sugarcane | |
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Obsolete, Banned | |
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1950s |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Expired | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Also used in |
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Chemical structure |
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Isomeric | |
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C₁₂H₈Cl₆O | |
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C1C2C3C(C1C4C2O4)C5(C(=C(C3(C5(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl | |
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C1[C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]1[C@H]4[C@@H]2O4)[C@@]5(C(=C([C@]3(C5(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl | |
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DFBKLUNHFCTMDC-GKRDHZSOSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C12H8Cl6O/c13-8-9(14)11(16)5-3-1-2(6-7(3)19-6)4(5)10(8,15)12(11,17)18/h2-7H,1H2/t2-,3-,4?,5?,6?,7?,10-,11-/m0/s1 | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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endrin | Unstated isomer | ![]() |
General status |
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Insecticide, Avicide, Rodenticide | |
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Organochlorine | |
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Synthetic | |
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Broad-spectrum, with contact and stomach action. Is a chloride channel-blocking agent. | |
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72-20-8 | |
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200-775-7 | |
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28 | |
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041601 | |
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12358480 | |
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380.91 | |
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(1aR,2R,2aR,3R,6S,6aS,7S,7aS)-3,4,5,6,9,9-hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octahydro-2,7:3,6-dimethanonaphth[2,3-b]oxirene | |
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1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-exo-1,4-exo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene | |
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(1aR,2R,2aR,3R,6S,6aS,7S,7aS)-rel-3,4,5,6,9,9-hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octahydro-2,7:3,6-dimethanonaphth(2,3-b)oxirene | |
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WFD priority substance; POP - regulated by Stockholm Convention; LRTAP Annex I; PAN Dirty Dozen; OSPAR soc; Severe Marine Pollutant | |
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EU Directive 2008/105/EC EQS for the sum of all cyclodiene pesticides in: inland surface waters: 0.01 µg l⁻¹; Other surface waters; 0.005 µg l⁻¹ as annual average | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not known | |
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Not applicable | |
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Many recorded cases, Aphis gossypii, Culex pipiens pipiens, Empoasca biguttula, Leptocorisa oratorius, Spodoptera littoralis, many others | |
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White crystals |
Formulations |
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Available in a variety of formulations including wettable powders and emulsifiable concentrates |
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0.24 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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200 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.58 X 1003 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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3.2 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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1.84 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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2.0 X 10-07 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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1.48 X 10-01 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Moderately volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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4300 | M4 M = GLEAMS Model database (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems) (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Very persistent | |||||||
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Other sources: DT₅₀ up to 12 years (R3); FAO state DT₅₀ 4-14 days | ||||||||||
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3.3 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Birdsfoot trefoil leaves, n=1 | ||||||||||
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4.0 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.0-7.0 days, 2 field crops, various matrices, n=2 | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | H3 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-mobile | |||||||
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10000 | ||||||||||
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Other sources: 31623 mL g⁻¹ (R3) | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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0.00 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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5.35 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g⁻¹ are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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High | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Non-mobile | Calculated | - |
Other known metabolites |
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endrin aldehyde Note: Persistent |
- | Soil | - | - |
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3970 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications (whole body Literature values log BCF range 2.2-3.4 (3 = Unverified data of known source R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications ))3 = Unverified data of known source |
Threshold for concern | |||||||
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Not available | - | |||||||||
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> 7.5 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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5.6 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Anas platyrhynchos3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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0.00073 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Oncorhynchus mykiss4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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0.00012 | P3 P = Other governments and regulators Cyprinodon variegatus3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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0.0042 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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> 0.46 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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> 66 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Lumbricus terrestris4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 7.5 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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5.0 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.0002 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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List I; List II | - | - | ||||||||
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Non-statutory WHO drinking water guideline 0.0006 mg l⁻¹ | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) UK EA QS database 20185 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Health issues |
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Highly toxic Endocrine issues - Competitive binding to androgen receptors |
Handling issues |
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No information available | |||
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Health: H300, H311 Environment: H400, H410 |
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T+ - Very toxic: R28 T - Toxic: R24 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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S1/2, S22, S36/37, S45, S60, S61 | |||
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O (Obsolete substance) | |||
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2761 | |||
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endrin | ||
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endrine | ||
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Endrin | ||
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endrin | ||
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endrin | ||
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endrin | ||
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endrin | ||
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endryna | ||
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endrine |
Record last updated: | 18/01/2021 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |