Ethiofencarb (Ref: BAY 108594)	Last updated: 19/01/2021
(Also known as: ethiophencarbe; HOX 1901)

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GENERAL INFORMATION

Description	A phenyl methylcarbamate insecticide used mainly to control aphids
Example pests controlled	Aphids
Example applications	Fruit; Vegetables; Sugarbeet; Cotton; Maize; Potatoes; Tobacco; Ornamentals
Efficacy & activity	-
Availability status	Unknown
Introduction & key dates	circa 1975

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status	Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires	Expired
UK LERAP status	No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Not applicable
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires	Expired
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	Not applicable
Listed in EU database	Yes
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States	ATAustria BEBelgium BGBulgaria CYCyprus CZCzech Republic DEGermany DKDenmark EEEstonia ELGreece                   ESSpain FIFinland FRFrance HRCroatia HUHungary IEIreland ITItaly LTLithuania LULuxembourg                   LVLatvia MTMalta NLNetherlands PLPoland PTPortugal RORomania SESweden SISlovenia SKSlovakia

Also used in

Also used in	-

Chemical structure

Isomerism	-
Chemical formula	C₁₁H₁₅NO₂S
Canonical SMILES	CCSCC1=CC=CC=C1OC(=O)NC
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	HEZNVIYQEUHLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C11H15NO2S/c1-3-15-8-9-6-4-5-7-10(9)14-11(13)12-2/h4-7H,3,8H2,1-2H3,(H,12,13)/f/h12H
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

General status

Pesticide type	Insecticide
Substance group	Carbamate
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Systemic with contact and stomach action. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.
CAS RN	29973-13-5
EC number	249-981-9
CIPAC number	363
US EPA chemical code	112101
PubChem CID	34766
Molecular mass	225.31
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	2-[(ethylsulfanyl)methyl]phenyl methylcarbamate
IUPAC name	α-ethylthio-o-tolyl methylcarbamate
CAS name	2-[(ethylthio)methyl]phenyl methylcarbamate
Other status information	-
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	1A
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	Myzus persicae, Phorodon humuli
Physical state	Colourless crystals

Formulations

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Croneton
Example products using this active	Bayer CropScience
Formulation and application details	Usually formulated as granules or as an emulsifiable concentrate

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		1900	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	High
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		7500	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Hexane	-
		200000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Toluene	-
		200000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Dichloromethane	-
Melting point (°C)		33.4	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Boiling point (°C)		Decomposes on distillation	L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source	-
Degradation point (°C)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (°C)		123	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C	P	1.10 X 1002	Calculated	-
	Log P	2.04	V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Low
Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)		1.23	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C		-	-	-
		-
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)		0.5	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)		1.17 X 10-04	V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Non-volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)		-	-	-

Degradation

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT₅₀ (typical)	37	K5 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Moderately persistent
	DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	General literature DT₅₀ range 34-131 days (R3)
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7	Value	-	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
	Note	Rapid in sunlight
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7	Value	16	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Non-persistent
	Note	-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)		52	Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Moderately fast
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)		21	Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Slow

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	P3 P = Other governments and regulators 3 = Unverified data of known source	Mobile
	Koc	52
	Notes and range	-
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

Fate indices

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index		3.58	Calculated	High leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate	Value	5.89 X 10-01	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		Low	Calculated	-
Potential for loss via drain flow		Mobile	Calculated	-

Key metabolites

Metabolite	Formation medium	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	1107/2009 relevancy
ethiofencarb sulfoxide	Soil	-	-
ethiofencarb sulfone	Soil	-	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg⁻¹)	75	Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Estimated	Low potential
	CT₅₀ (days)	Not available		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		200	V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	Moderate
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	(ppm diet)	-		-
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		155	V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Phasianidae	Moderate
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)		-	-	-
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		3.4	K3 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 3 = Unverified data of known source Unknown species	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.22	K3 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 3 = Unverified data of known source Unknown species	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	1.54	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Apis mellifera	Moderate
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	> 0.205	R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source Bombus terrestris	High
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		120	Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	Harmful	[Dose: 300 g ha⁻¹] AA3 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 3 = Unverified data of known source Typhlodromus pyri	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	Harmful	[Dose: 300 g ha⁻¹] AA3 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 3 = Unverified data of known source Chrysoperla carnea	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		200	V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	Moderate
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)		1000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.2	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-	-	-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		0.1	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source JMPR 1982	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		0.15	B4 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 4 = Verified data UK ACP 1999	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	-
	Occupational	-
European MRLs		EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)		-	-	-

Health issues

Specific human health issues		Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disruptor No data found A3 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 3 = Negative ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data No data found Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant No data found ✓Yes, known to cause a problem No data found Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser No data found No data found No data found Eye irritant Phototoxicant   No data found No data found
General human health issues		Highly toxic

Handling issues

Property	Value and interpretation
General	No information available
CLP classification 2013	Health: H302 Environment: H400, H410
EC Risk Classification	Xn - Harmful: R22 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53
EC Safety Classification	S2, S60, S61
WHO Classification	Ib (Highly hazardous / Highly hazardous)
UN Number	2992
Waste disposal & packaging	-

TRANSLATIONS

Language	Name
English	ethiofencarb
French	ethiofencarbe
German	Ethiofencarb
Danish	ethiofencarb
Italian	etiofencarb
Spanish	etiofencarb
Greek	ethiofencarb
Polish	etiofenkarb
Swedish	-
Hungarian	-
Dutch	ethiofencarb

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Record last updated:	19/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242