Amitraz (Ref: ENT 27967) |
![]() Last updated: 17/12/2020 |
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(Also known as: amitraze; amitrazum ; BTS-27419; BAAM; U-36059) |
SUMMARY |
Amitraz is an amidine acaricide and insecticide that is currently not approved for use in the EU but is still used in some parts of the world. It is volatile, almost insoluble in water and, based on its chemical properties, is only slightly mobile with a low potential for leaching to groundwater. It is not persistent in soil systems, degradation being very rapid and would also not be expected to persistent in surface water under normal conditions. Amitraz has a moderate mammalian toxicity and there is some concern regarding its potential for bioaccumulation. It is considered to be a neurotoxin. Amitraz has a high to moderate toxicity to most terrestrial and aquatic species, the main exception being algae for which amitraz has a low level of toxicity. |
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An amidine acaricide and insecticide for use in top fruit, ornamentals and some vegetables. Also has veterinary treatment applications. | |
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Bollworm; Budworm; Red spider mites; Leaf miners; Scale insects; Aphids; Ticks; Psyllids; Varroa mite | |
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Fruit including apples, pears and plums; Ornamentals; Some vegetables; Cotton; Livestock; Bees | |
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Current | |
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circa 1972 |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Expired | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Austria | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Also used in |
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Australia, USA |
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Chemical structure |
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C₁₉H₂₃N₃ | |
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CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)N=CN(C)C=NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)C)C)C | |
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No data | |
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QXAITBQSYVNQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C19H23N3/c1-14-6-8-18(16(3)10-14)20-12-22(5)13-21-19-9-7-15(2)11-17(19)4/h6-13H,1-5H3/b20-12+,21-13+ | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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amitraz | - | ![]() |
General status |
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Insecticide, Acaricide, Veterinary substance | |
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Amidine | |
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- | |
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Synthetic | |
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Non-systemic having contact and respiratory action. Octopaminergic (nervous system) agonist. | |
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33089-61-1 | |
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251-375-4 | |
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362 | |
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106201 | |
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36324 | |
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293.41 | |
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N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-{[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl}-N-methylmethanimidamide | |
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N,N'-[(methylimino)dimethylidyne]di-2,4-xylidine | |
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N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-[[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl]-N-methylmethanimidamide | |
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Cannot be used on horses | |
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- | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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19 | |
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Not applicable | |
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Panonychus citri, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus urticae, Boophilus microplus, Cacopsylla pyri | |
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Straw coloured crystalline solid | |
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Formulations |
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Usually supplied as emulsifiable concentrates or wettable powders for crop use and solutions for livestock topical administration |
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0.1 | W4 W = French database provided by ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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87 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Decomposes before boiling | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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3.16 X 1005 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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5.5 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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1.13 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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9.8 | DW4 DW = Don Wauchope personal database for Pka data: Wauchope, R. D. and Edwards, J. Dissociation constants for pesticide active ingredients: a database and comparison with predicted values. MS in preparation 4 = Verified data |
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Weak acid | |||||||||||
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0.051 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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1.06 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Moderately volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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0.2 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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0.2 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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1 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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Literature DT₅₀ studies range 0.1-2 days | ||||||||||
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6.2 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 5.0-7.3 days, 2 field crops, various matrices, n=2 | ||||||||||
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- | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Stable in UV light | ||||||||||
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1 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 2hrs at pH 5, 1.1 days at pH 9, rapid hydrolysis | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | W3 W = French database provided by ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Slightly mobile | |||||||
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1000 | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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0.00 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.92 X 10-04 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Slightly mobile | Calculated | - |
Key metabolites |
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Soil | - | Major | |||||
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Soil | - | Minor |
Other known metabolites |
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2,4-dimethylaniline | - | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - | |||||
2,4-dimethylformanilide | - | Soil (Hydrolysis) | - | - | |||||
N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-methyl-methanimidamide | - | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - | |||||
2,4-dimethylbenzenamine | - | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - | |||||
N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)formamide | - | Soil (Anaerobic) | - | - | |||||
2,4-dimethylbenzenamine | - | Soil (Anaerobic) | - | - |
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1838 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Threshold for concern | |||||||
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Not available | - | |||||||||
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800 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) Rat 2 year3 = Unverified data of known source |
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50 | - | |||||||||
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788 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Colinus virginianus3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.74 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Oncorhynchus mykiss3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 0.00353 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Pimephales promelas3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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0.035 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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0.002 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna LOEC3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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4.7 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Americamysis bahia3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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12 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Raphidocelis subcapitata3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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50 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | |||||||
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1000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Harmful | [Dose: 360 g ha⁻¹] AA3 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 Typhlodromus pyri3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Moderately harmful | [Dose: 360 g l⁻¹] AA3 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 Chrysoperla carnea3 = Unverified data of known source |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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800 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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200 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rabbit3 = Unverified data of known source |
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65.0 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 800 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.003 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.01 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) / JMPR 19985 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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Ingestion may cause slow heart beat, low blood pressure, sedation and low body temperature |
Handling issues |
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No information available | |||
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Health: H302, H317, H373 Environment: H400, H410 |
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Xn - Harmful: R22, R43, R48/22 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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S2, S22, S24, S61, S36/37, S60 | |||
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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amitraz | ||
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amitraze | ||
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Amitraz | ||
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amitraz | ||
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amitraz | ||
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amitraz | ||
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amitraz | ||
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amitraz | ||
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amitraz | ||
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amitraz |
Record last updated: | 17/12/2020 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |