Diquat dichloride |
![]() Last updated: 17/01/2021 |
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(Also known as: diquat; deiquat; reglone) |
SUMMARY |
Diquat dibromide is an EU approved contact desiccant and herbicide. It is highly soluble in water, has a low risk of leaching to groundwater and is volatile. It is very persistent in soil but rapidly degrades in aquatic systems. It is moderately toxic to mammals and is a known irritant but no other significant human health issues have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms. |
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A non-residual bupyridyl herbicide and crop desiccant used mainly to control broad-leaved weeds and grasses | |
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Water lettuce; Water hyacynth; Duckweed; Pennywort; Annual bluegrass; Fescue; Henbit; Buttercup | |
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Potatoes; Oilseed rape; Fruit including apples, pears, peaches, plums, citrus, olive, grapes; Tomatoes; Sunflowers; Vegetables including beans & peas, carrots, onions, chicory; Sugarbeet | |
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Current | |
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1958, first reported |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Expired | ||
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None |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Also used in |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₁₂H₁₂Cl₂N₂ | |
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No data | |
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SKYNPRKUXHXZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L | |
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InChI=1S/C12H12N2.2ClH/c1-3-7-13-9-10-14-8-4-2-6-12(14)11(13)5-1;;/h1-8H,9-10H2;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Herbicide | |
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Bipyridylium | |
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95% w/w | |
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EU dossier - dibromoethane; 2,2-bipyridine; terpyridine & related isomers | |
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Synthetic | |
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Non-selective, contact absorbed through foliage, some desiccant action. Photosystem I (electron transport) inhibitor. | |
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4032-26-2 | |
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255.14 | |
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6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazine-5,8-diium dichloride | |
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9,10-dihydro-8a,10a-diazoniaphenanthrene dichloride | |
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6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazinediium dichloride | |
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Potential groundwater contaminant; PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical | |
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D | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Crystalline solid | |
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Formulations |
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Often supplied as a soluble concentrate, gel or liquid concentrate |
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Not applicable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Degradation |
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5500 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
Very persistent | ||||||||
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Stable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Stable | |||||||
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Stable pH 5 to pH 9 | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Key metabolites |
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Soil | 0.099 | Minor fraction; Relevant |
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1000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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1000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 0.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Health issues |
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Potential liver, kidney, stomach and intestine toxicant Fatal if inhaled |
Handling issues |
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IMDG Transport Code is usually 6.1 or 8 Corrosive to most metals & may form flammable and explosive H2 gas when in contact with aluminum May decompose at high temperatures to form toxic gases |
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Health: H302, H315,H317, H319, H330, H335, H372 Environment: H400, H410 |
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T+ - Very toxic: R26 T - Toxic: R48/25 Xn - Harmful: R22, R43 Xi - Irritant: R36/37/38 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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S1/2, S28, S36/37/39, S45, S60, S61 | |||
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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2781 for active, products usually 1760 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) |
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diquat dichloride | ||
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Record last updated: | 17/01/2021 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |