Heptachlor (Ref: ENT 15152)

Heptachlor (Ref: ENT 15152)	Last updated: 09/02/2021
(Also known as: heptachlore; E3314; H-34; OMS 193)

SUMMARY

Heptachlor in an insecticide that is not approved for use in the EU. It has a low aqueous solubility but is highly soluble in most organic solvents. It is volatile and has low potential for leaching to groundwater. heptachlor can be persistent in soil systems but is not generally persistent in water systems. It is moderately toxic to mammals and may bioaccumulate. heptachlor may also cause adverse reproduction/development effects and is a neurotoxin. It is moderately toxic to birds but highly toxic to honeybees and most aquatic species.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An obsolete insecticide once used to kill termites, ants and other insects in agricultural and domestic situations

Example pests controlled

Ants; Termites; Cutworms; Maggots; Spittlebugs; Weevils; Wireworms; Japanese beetles; Mosquitoes

Example applications

Corn; Sorghum; Small grains

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Obsolete, Banned

Introduction & key dates

1951, first reported

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Also used in

Costa Rica

Chemical structure

Isomerism

A molecule with 5 chiral centres

Chemical formula

C₁₀H₅Cl₇

Canonical SMILES

C1=CC(C2C1C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

FRCCEHPWNOQAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C10H5Cl7/c11-4-2-1-3-5(4)9(15)7(13)6(12)8(3,14)10(9,16)17/h1-5H

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
heptachlor epoxide	Metabolite
heptachlor	-

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide

Substance group

Organochlorine

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Persistent, non-systemic contact and stomach poison with some fumigant action. Is a chloride channel-blocking agent.

CAS RN

76-44-8

EC number

200-962-3

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

044801

PubChem CID

3589

Molecular mass

373.32

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene

CAS name

1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indene

Other status information

Chemical subject to PIC regulations; POP - regulated by Stockholm Convention; LRTAP Annex 1; OSPAR soc; Severe Marine Pollutant; Rotterdam Convention (Class O)

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Anthonomus grandis, Delia brassicae, Diabrotica longicornis, Psilia rosae, Conoderus falli, Diabrotica virgifera, many others

Physical state

White to tan coloured crystals

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Gold crest
Heptamul
Heptox
Drinox

Example products using this active

Velsicol Chemical Corp.

Formulation and application details

Available in a wide variety of formulations including wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, dusts and oil solutions

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

0.056

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

750000

Acetone

1060000

Benzene

1020000

Xylene

45000

Ethanol

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

135

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

2.75 X 10⁰⁵

Calculated

Log P

5.44

High

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

1.58

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

Highly volatile

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

3.53 X 10⁰²

Volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

285

Persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

250

Persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Other sources: DT₅₀ around 2 yrs (R3), 9-10 months (R3)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

4.8

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.0-13.5 days, 4 field crops, various matrices, n=5

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Non-persistent

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Non-mobile

K_oc

24000

Notes and range

Other sources: 21878 mL g⁻¹ (R3)

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

-0.91

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

5.35 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g⁻¹ are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW

Potential for particle bound transport index

High

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Non-mobile

Calculated

Key metabolites

Metabolite

Formation medium

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

1107/2009 relevancy

heptachlor epoxide (Ref: ENT 25584)

Soil

Not assessed under 91/414 or 1107/2009

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

2430

(whole body)

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 147

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Anas platyrhynchos

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.007

Oncorhynchus mykiss

High

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.042

Daphnia magna

High

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.027

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 0.526

High

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

0.0168

Trigona spinipes

High

Mode of exposure

Contact

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Soil micro-organisms

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 147

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

195

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

2.0

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.0001

JMPR

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List I; List II

Exposure Routes

Public

Risk of exposure via food is now considered negligible

Occupational

May be absorbed through intact skin

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

UK statutory standard for protection of drinking water: 0.030 µg l⁻¹; EU Directive 2008/105/EC standard for protection of drinking water: 0.030 µg l⁻¹

UK EA QS database 2018

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

0.03

UK EA QS database 2018

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Bioaccumulates
Liver toxicant
Endocrine issues - Binding to cellular estrogen and androgen receptors

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Incompatible with alkaline substances

CLP classification 2013

Health: H301, H311, H351, H373
Environment: H400, H410

EC Risk Classification

Carcinogen category 3: R40
T - Toxic: R24/25, R33
N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53

EC Safety Classification

S1/2, S36/37, S45, S60, S61

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

heptachlor

French

heptachlore

German

Heptachlor

Danish

heptachlor

Italian

eptaclor

Spanish

heptaclor

Greek

heptachlor

Polish

heptachlor

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

heptachloor

Record last updated:	09/02/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242