Hexaconazole (Ref: PP 523)	Last updated: 27/11/2019
(Not known by any other names)

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GENERAL INFORMATION

Description	A conazole (imidazole) fungicide used to control both seed-borne and soil-borne diseases especially Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes spp.
Example pests controlled	Powdery mildew, Scabs, Rusts
Example applications	Vines; Apples; Pears,; Bananas; Vegetables; Some small grain cereals
Efficacy & activity	-
Availability status	Current
Introduction & key dates	1986

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status	Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires	Not applicable
UK LERAP status	No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Directive 1107/2009 status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Italy
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires	Not applicable
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	-
Listed in EU database	Yes
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States	ATAustria BEBelgium BGBulgaria CYCyprus CZCzech Republic DEGermany DKDenmark EEEstonia ELGreece                   ESSpain FIFinland FRFrance HRCroatia HUHungary IEIreland ITItaly LTLithuania LULuxembourg                   LVLatvia MTMalta NLNetherlands PLPoland PTPortugal RORomania SESweden SISlovenia SKSlovakia

Also used in

Also used in	Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism	A chiral molecule existing in the R- and S-forms. The R-enantiomer exhibts the greatest fungicial activity.
Chemical formula	C₁₄H₁₇Cl₂N₃O
Canonical SMILES	CCCCC(CN1C=NC=N1)(C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl)O
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	STMIIPIFODONDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C14H17Cl2N3O/c1-2-3-6-14(20,8-19-10-17-9-18-19)12-5-4-11(15)7-13(12)16/h4-5,7,9-10,20H,2-3,6,8H2,1H3
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
hexaconazole	Unstated isomerism

General status

Pesticide type	Fungicide, Other substance
Other constituent type	Wood preservative
Substance group	Triazole
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Broad spectrum, systemic with protective and curative action. Disrupts membrane function. Sterol biosynthesis inhibitor.
CAS RN	79983-71-4
EC number	413-050-7
CIPAC number	465
US EPA chemical code	128925
PubChem CID	66461
Molecular mass	314.21
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	-
IUPAC name	(RS)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)hexan-2-ol
CAS name	α-butyl-α-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol
Other status information	-
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	3
Examples of recorded resistance	-
Physical state	White crystalline solid
Related substances & organisms	(R)-hexaconazole (S)-hexaconazole

Formulations

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Passport Manage Anvil Planete Aster
Example products using this active	AgroCare FCC Syngenta
Formulation and application details	Available in a variety of formulations including oil miscible liquids, soluble grains and suspension concentrates.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		18	P4 P = Other governments and regulators 4 = Verified data	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		120000	C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) 4 = Verified data Ethyl acetate	-
		164000	C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) 4 = Verified data Acetone	-
		810	C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) 4 = Verified data Hexane	-
		246000	C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) 4 = Verified data Methanol	-
Melting point (°C)		111	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Boiling point (°C)		-	-	-
Degradation point (°C)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (°C)		-	-	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C	P	7.94 X 1003	Calculated	-
	Log P	3.9	P4 P = Other governments and regulators 4 = Verified data	High
Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)		1.29	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C		2.3	P4 P = Other governments and regulators 4 = Verified data	-
		Strong acid
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)		0.018	P4 P = Other governments and regulators 4 = Verified data	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)		3.33 X 10-04	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Non-volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)		-	-	-

Degradation

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT₅₀ (typical)	122	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Persistent
	DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ (field)	225	P3 P = Other governments and regulators 3 = Unverified data of known source	Persistent
	DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	Sandy loam DT₅₀ ~ 10 months, clay loam ~ 5 months; General literature DT₅₀ range 49-200 days (R3)
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix	Value	5.5	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	-
	Note	Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.7-7.8 days, 6 field crops, various matrices, n=8
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7	Value	10	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Moderately fast
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7	Value	Stable	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Stable
	Note	Not greatly sensitive to pH
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)		112	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Slow
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)		112	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Stable

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	DW3 DW = Don Wauchope personal database for Pka data: Wauchope, R. D. and Edwards, J. Dissociation constants for pesticide active ingredients: a database and comparison with predicted values. MS in preparation 3 = Unverified data of known source	Slightly mobile
	Koc	1040
	Notes and range	-
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

Fate indices

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index		2.31	Calculated	Transition state
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate	Value	1.29 X 10-01	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		High	Calculated	-
Potential for loss via drain flow		Slightly mobile	Calculated	-

Key metabolites

Metabolite	Formation medium	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	1107/2009 relevancy
1,2,4-triazole (Ref: CGA 71019)	Soil	-	Not relevant
1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylacetic acid (Ref: CGA 142856)	Soil	-	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg⁻¹)	412	Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Estimated	Threshold for concern
	CT₅₀ (days)	Not available		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		2189	P4 P = Other governments and regulators 4 = Verified data Rat	Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg⁻¹)	5	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	High
	(ppm diet)	-		-
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 4000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Anas platyrhynchos	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)		-	-	-
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		3.4	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Oncorhynchus mykiss	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		> 2.9	P4 P = Other governments and regulators 4 = Verified data Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		0.226	P4 P = Other governments and regulators 4 = Verified data Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)		> 0.1	P3 P = Other governments and regulators 3 = Unverified data of known source Chlorella pyrenoidosa	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	> 100	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Low
	Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		414	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	Harmless	[Dose: 120 g ha⁻¹] AA2 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Typhlodromus pyri	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	Harmless	[Dose: 120 g ha⁻¹] AA2 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Chrysoperla carnea	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		2189	P4 P = Other governments and regulators 4 = Verified data Rat	Low
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)		2000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		5.9	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-	-	-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		0.005	F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data JMPR 1990	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	-
	Occupational	-
European MRLs		EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)		-	-	-

Health issues

Specific human health issues		Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disruptor ?Possibly, status not identified A3 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 3 = Negative ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data ?Possibly, status not identified Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant No data found XNo, known not to cause a problem XNo, known not to cause a problem Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser No data found ✓Yes, known to cause a problem ✓Yes, known to cause a problem Eye irritant Phototoxicant   ✓Yes, known to cause a problem No data found
General human health issues		USEPA - possible human carcinogen Endocrine issues - Inhibition of aromatase activity, decrease of the estrogens production

Handling issues

Property	Value and interpretation
General	No information available
CLP classification 2013	Health: H302, H317 Environment: H411
EC Risk Classification	Xn - Harmful: R22, R43 N - Dangerous for the environment: R51, R53
EC Safety Classification	S2, S24, S37, S61
WHO Classification	III (Slightly hazardous)
UN Number	-
Waste disposal & packaging	-

TRANSLATIONS

Language	Name
English	hexaconazole
French	hexaconazole
German	Hexaconazol
Danish	hexaconazol
Italian	esaconozolo
Spanish	hexaconazol
Greek	-
Polish	heksakonazol
Swedish	-
Hungarian	hexakonazol
Dutch	-

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Record last updated:	27/11/2019
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242