Icaridin (Ref: KBR 3023)

Icaridin (Ref: KBR 3023)	Last updated: 11/02/2021
(Also known as: icaradine; picaradin; propidine; autan; hydroethyl isobutyl piperidine carboxylate)

SUMMARY

Icaridin is an insect repellant without EU regulatory approval for use. It has a high aquatic solubility and is volatile. Data is limited regarding its environmental persistence. It has a relatively low mammalian toxicity and a high potential to bioaccumulate. It is is not highly toxic to birds or fish. There are gaps in ecotoxicology and environmental fate data.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An insect repellant used for both human and animal applications to control a broad spectrum of insect pests

Example pests controlled

Biting flies, Mosquitoes, Ticks, fleas

Example applications

Humans; Livestock

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2001, USA first registered

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Not applicable

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Not applicable

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Not applicable

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

A molecule with 2 chiral centres

Chemical formula

C₁₂H₂₃NO₃

Canonical SMILES

CCC(C)OC(=O)N1CCCCC1CCO

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

QLHULAHOXSSASE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C12H23NO3/c1-3-10(2)16-12(15)13-8-5-4-6-11(13)7-9-14/h10-11,14H,3-9H2,1-2H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide, Repellent, Veterinary substance

Substance group

Piperidine

Minimum active substance purity

970 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

None declared by manufacturer; Chemistry suggests sec-butyl chloroformate & sec-butyl carbonic anhydride

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Topically applied, repellent

CAS RN

119515-38-7

EC number

423-210-8

CIPAC number

740

US EPA chemical code

070705

PubChem CID

125098

Molecular mass

229.32

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

(RS)-sec-butyl (RS)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate

CAS name

1-methylpropyl 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Not known

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Colourless, odourless liquid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Bayrepel
Saltidin

Example products using this active

Bayer
Lanxess Corp

Formulation and application details

Available in a variety of formulations including aerosol sprays, pump sprays and towelette wipes

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

8200

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Miscible

Propanol

Miscible

Ethanol

Melting point (°C)

-170

Freezing point

Boiling point (°C)

296

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

375

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.70 X 10⁰²

Calculated

Log P

2.23

Low

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

1.04

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.034

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable under normal environmental conditions

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Moderately mobile

K_oc

389

Notes and range

Estimated

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

Cannot be calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Potential for loss via drain flow

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

1.8

(whole body)

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2236

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

100

Rat

Moderate

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

173

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Low

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

50.1

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Low

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

100

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

103

Daphnia magna

Low

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

71.5

Scenedemus subspicatus

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

54.8

Scenedesmus subspicatus

Low

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Soil micro-organisms

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2236

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

5000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 4.36

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

No further information available

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising

CLP classification 2013

Not classified: Obsolete

EC Risk Classification

Not classified: Obsolete

EC Safety Classification

Not classified: Obsolete

WHO Classification

III/O (Slightly hazardous / Obsolete substance)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

icaridin

French

icaridin

German

Icaridin

Danish

icaridin

Italian

icaridin

Spanish

icaridin

Greek

Polish

ikarydyna

Swedish

icaridin

Hungarian

Dutch

Record last updated:	11/02/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242