Methoprene (Ref: OMS 1697)	Last updated: 19/02/2021
(Also known as: SAN 800; ZR-515)

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GENERAL INFORMATION

Description	A general purpose insect growth regulator used to control a range of pests including
Example pests controlled	Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera such as fleas, moths, mosquitoes and beetles
Example applications	Livestock pest control; Pest control on domestic pets; Food storage
Efficacy & activity	-
Availability status	Current
Introduction & key dates	1975, USA

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status	Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires	Expired
UK LERAP status	No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Sweden
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires	Expired
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	-
Listed in EU database	Yes
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States	ATAustria BEBelgium BGBulgaria CYCyprus CZCzech Republic DEGermany DKDenmark EEEstonia ELGreece                   ESSpain FIFinland FRFrance HRCroatia HUHungary IEIreland ITItaly LTLithuania LULuxembourg                   LVLatvia MTMalta NLNetherlands PLPoland PTPortugal RORomania SESweden SISlovenia SKSlovakia

Also used in

Also used in	Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism	A chiral molecule existing as the R-form (cis) and the S-form (trans). The technical substance is an isomeric mixture but it is the S-form which is more biologically active.
Chemical formula	C₁₉H₃₄O₃
Canonical SMILES	CC(C)OC(=O)C=C(C)C=CCC(C)CCCC(C)(C)OC
Isomeric SMILES	CC(C)OC(=O)/C=C(\C)/C=C/CC(C)CCCC(C)(C)OC
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	NFGXHKASABOEEW-LDRANXPESA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C19H34O3/c1-15(2)22-18(20)14-17(4)11-8-10-16(3)12-9-13-19(5,6)21-7/h8,11,14-16H,9-10,12-13H2,1-7H3/b11-8+,17-14+
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

General status

Pesticide type	Insecticide, Veterinary substance
Substance group	Juvenile hormone mimic (terpene)
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Contact and stomach action, acts by mimicing the action of the juvenile hormone keeping the insect in an immature state
CAS RN	40596-69-8
EC number	254-993-2
CIPAC number	414
US EPA chemical code	105401
PubChem CID	5366546
Molecular mass	310.47
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	-
IUPAC name	isopropyl (E,E)-(RS)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate
CAS name	(E,E)-1-methylethyl (2E,4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate
Other status information	-
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	7A
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	Culex pipiens pipiens, Drosophila melanogaster, Ochlerotatus nigromaculis
Physical state	Yellow to amber coloured liquid

Formulations

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Altosid Dianex Kabat Manta Precor Minex
Example products using this active	Wellmark Sandoz
Formulation and application details	Usually supplied as an emulsifiable concentrate, suspension concentrate, briquettes or bait

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		0.52	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Melting point (°C)		-	-	-
Boiling point (°C)		-	-	-
Degradation point (°C)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (°C)		136	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source (closed cup)	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C	P	1.00 X 1005	Calculated	-
	Log P	5	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	High
Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)		0.92	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C		-	-	-
		-
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)		3.16	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)		0.886	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Moderately volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)		-	-	-

Degradation

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT₅₀ (typical)	10	B3 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Non-persistent
	DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ (field)	10	B3 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Non-persistent
	DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix	Value	1.4	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	-
	Note	Published literature RL₅₀ range 0.5-2.4 days, 2 field crops, various matrices, n=2
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7	Value	1	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Moderately fast
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7	Value	Stable	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Stable
	Note	-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	US3 US = US Dept of Agriculture National Resources Conservation Service - various datasheets, databases and online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Slightly mobile
	Koc	2535
	Notes and range	-
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

Fate indices

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index		0.60	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate	Value	9.19 X 10-03	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		Medium	Calculated	-
Potential for loss via drain flow		Slightly mobile	Calculated	-

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference	Aliases	Formation medium / Rate	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Metabolising enzymes
7-methoxycitronellic acid	-	Water (Aerobic)	-	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg⁻¹)	3400	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data Edible	Threshold for concern
	CT₅₀ (days)	Not available		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 34600	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Rat	Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg⁻¹)	-	L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Rat 2 year	-
	(ppm diet)	> 5000		-
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 2250	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Anas platyrhynchos	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)		-	-	-
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		> 0.76	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Oncorhynchus mykiss	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.089	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Daphnia magna	High
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		0.051	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Daphnia magna LOEC	Moderate
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.106	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Americamysis bahia	Moderate
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)		1.33	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Scenedemus subspicatus	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	2.0	Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source	Moderate
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 34600	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Rat	Low
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)		2000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rabbit	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		210	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-	-	-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		0.09	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source JMPR 1987	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		None allocated	F5 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes JMPR 2001	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	-
	Occupational	-
MRLs	European	EU MRL pesticide database
	Notes	-
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)		-	-	-

Health issues

Specific human health issues		Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disruptor XNo, known not to cause a problem A3 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 3 = Negative ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative No data found Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant XNo, known not to cause a problem XNo, known not to cause a problem XNo, known not to cause a problem Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser ✓Yes, known to cause a problem ?Possibly, status not identified No data found Eye irritant Phototoxicant   ✓Yes, known to cause a problem No data found
General human health issues		No further information available

Handling issues

Property	Value and interpretation
General	No information available
CLP classification 2013	Health: H315, H335 Environment: H400, H410
EC Risk Classification	Xi - Irritant: R36/37/38 N - Dangerous for the environment: R51/53
EC Safety Classification	S26, S36, S60, S61
WHO Classification	U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)
UN Number	-
Waste disposal & packaging	-

TRANSLATIONS

Language	Name
English	methoprene
French	méthoprène
German	Methoprene
Danish	methopren
Italian	metoprene
Spanish	metoprene
Greek	-
Polish	metopren
Swedish	-
Hungarian	-
Dutch	-

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Record last updated:	19/02/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242