The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate
Ecotoxicity
Human health
Environmental fate High alert: GUS: High leachability; Drainflow: Mobile
Ecotoxicity High alert: Fish chronic ecotoxicity: High
Human health High alert: Mammals acute toxicity: High; Carcinogen; Endocrine distrupter; Reproduction/development effects; Neurotoxicant
GENERAL INFORMATION
Description
A multi-action pesticide used to control wood boring insects, wood fungal rots and as a general herbicide
Example pests controlled
Defoliant; Wood-damaging insects including termites; Timber rot
Example applications
Cotton; Utility wood structures such as railway sleepers, utility poles, fencing
Efficacy & activity
-
Availability status
Unknown
Introduction & key dates
circa 1936
UK regulatory status
UK COPR regulatory status
Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires
Expired
UK LERAP status
No UK approval for use
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)
EC Regulation 1107/2009 status
Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur
Not applicable
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires
Expired
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)
-
Listed in EU database
Yes
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States
Accelerates aerobic metabolism and increases heat production
CAS RN
87-86-5
EC number
201-778-6
CIPAC number
106
US EPA chemical code
063001
PubChem CID
992
CLP index number
604-002-00-8
Molecular mass
266.34
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)
-
IUPAC name
pentachlorophenol
CAS name
pentachlorophenol
Other status information
WFD priority substance; Subject to PIC regulations; Regulated POP; Severe Marine Pollutant; Rotterdam Convention (Class Ib); UK non-statutory standard for dry soil: <0.06 mg/Kg
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards
EU Directive 2008/105/EC EQS surface waters: annual average 0.4 µg l⁻¹; max measured 1.0 µg l⁻¹ UK statutory standard for the protection of aquatic life: annual average for inland, coastal and territorial waters: 2 µg l⁻¹
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)
Not known
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)
Not known
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)
2A
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)
Not known
Examples of recorded resistance
-
Physical state
Colourless crystals
Formulations
Property
Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically
-
Example products using this active
-
Formulation and application details
-
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
1000
P4 P = Other governments and regulators 4 = Verified data
High
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
500000
P4 P = Other governments and regulators 4 = Verified data
Acetone
-
150000
P4 P = Other governments and regulators 4 = Verified data
Benzene
-
1800000
P4 P = Other governments and regulators 4 = Verified data
Methanol
-
12000000
P4 P = Other governments and regulators 4 = Verified data
Ethanol
-
Melting point (°C)
191
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
-
Boiling point (°C)
Decomposes before boiling
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
-
Degradation point (°C)
309
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
-
Flashpoint (°C)
-
-
-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C
P
2.09 X 1003
Calculated
-
Log P
3.32
B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
High
Fat solubility of residues
Solubility
Likely to be soluble
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source
-
Data type
Based on chemical group
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source
-
Density (g ml⁻¹)
1.99
B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C
4.73
DW4 DW = Don Wauchope personal database for Pka data: Wauchope, R. D. and Edwards, J. Dissociation constants for pesticide active ingredients: a database and comparison with predicted values. MS in preparation 4 = Verified data
-
Weak acid
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)
16000
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
Highly volatile
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)
4.30 X 10-01
H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data
Moderately volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹
-
-
-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)
-
-
-
Degradation
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
General biodegradability
-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)
DT₅₀ (typical)
63
B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
Folsomia candida 33d
-
Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)
-
-
-
Non-target plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
Non-statutory WHO drinking water guideline 0.009 mg l⁻¹
B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
UK EA QS database 2018
-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)
-
-
-
Mammalian dose elimination route and rate
-
-
-
Health issues
Specific human health issues
Carcinogen
Genotoxic
Endocrine disruptor
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data
;
B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data
;
C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data
;
D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data
;
E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
Reproduction / development effects
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor
Neurotoxicant
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
XNo, known not to cause a problem
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
Respiratory tract irritant
Skin irritant
Skin sensitiser
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
No data found
Eye irritant
Phototoxicant
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
No data found
General human health issues
Liver and thyroid toxicant Heart failure may occur following acute inhalation Bioaccumulates IARC group 2B carcinogen; USEPA - probable human carcinogen Endocrine issues - Weak estrogenic and anti-androgenic affect
Handling issues
Property
Value and interpretation
General
Prevent generation of dust Not expected to autoignite; Not highly flammable
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242
Environmental fate
