picloram (Ref: X 159868) ** piclorame ** picloram acid ** Translations

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GENERAL INFORMATION
for picloram

Description: A persistent herbicide for the control of broad-leaved weeds on non-crop and utility areas

Example pests controlled: Woody plants; Brush; Broad-leaved weeds including leafy spurge, knapweeds, thistles, toadflax, birdsfood trefoil and hoary cress. Will not control crucifers

Example applications: OSR; Non-cropped areas; Rangeland

Availability status: Current

Introduction & key dates: 1963

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):

Status	Approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	UK
Date inclusion expires	31/12/2018

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries:

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Also used in: Australia

General status:

Pesticide type	Herbicide
Substance group	Pyridine compound
Minimum active substance purity	920 g/kg
Known relevant impurities	EU dossier - hexachlorobenzene 0.005%, sulphuric acid 0.9%
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Selective, systemic absorbed by roots and leaves and translocated. Synthetic auxin.
CAS RN	1918-02-1
EC number	217-636-1
CIPAC number	174
US EPA chemical code	005101
Chiral molecule	No
Chemical formula	C6H3Cl3N2O2
SMILES	Clc1c(N)c(Cl)c(nc1Cl)C(=O)O
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	NQQVFXUMIDALNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C6H3Cl3N2O2/c7-1-3(10)2(8)5(9)11-4(1)6(12)13/h(H2,10,11)(H,12,13)
Structure diagram/image available?	Yes
Molecular mass (g mol-1)	241.46
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	-
IUPAC name	4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid
CAS name	4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid
Other status information	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	O
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	4
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	-
Physical state	Light brown to tan coloured solid
Related substances & organisms	clopyralid 2,4-D dicamba fluroxypyr

Formulations:

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	AgriGuard Dow AgroSciences Nomix Environ Pan Agriculture
Example products using this active	Galera Tordone 22K Tordone 101 Grazon P+D Amdon
UK LERAP status	None
Formulation and application details	Usually suppled as a liquid concentrate or as granules.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for picloram

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1)		560	A5	High
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1)		10	A5 - n-Heptane	-
		105	A5 - Xylene	-
		23900	A5 - Acetone	-
		19100	A5 - Methanol	-
Melting point (oC)		174	A5	-
Boiling point (oC)		Decomposes before boiling	A5	-
Degradation point (oC)		179	A5	-
Flashpoint (oC)		Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable	A5	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC	P	1.20 X 10-02	Calculated	-
	Log P	-1.92	A5	Low
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity		1.81	Q2	-
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC		2.3	A5	-
		Note: Strong acid
Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa)		8.0 X 10-05	A5	Intermediate state
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1)		3.0 X 10-07	A5	Non-volatile
Henry's law constant at 20oC (dimensionless)		1.42 X 10-11	Calculated	Non-volatile
GUS leaching potential index		6.03	Calculated	High leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate	Value	1.17 X 10+01	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	Calculated	Medium
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1		Unbuffered pH4.42 solution: 223nm = 28900; [Acidic solution: 223nm = 28700, 293nm = 2100; [Basic solution: 223nm = 30400, 293nm = 2100	A5	-
Surface tension (mN m-1)		72.0	A5 at 20oC	-

Degradation:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT50 (typical)	82.8	A5	Moderately persistent
	DT50 (lab at 20oC)	82.8	A5	Moderately persistent
	DT50 (field)	36	A4	Moderately persistent
	DT90 (lab at 20oC)	318	A5	-
	DT90 (field)	120	A5	-
	Note	EU dossier Lab studies DT50 range 5.2-292 days, DT90 range 16.7-982.1 days; Field studies DT50 range 20-49 days, DT90 range 67-163 days
Plant matrix DT50 (days)	Value	8.0	R4	-
	Note	DT50 range 5.8 - 10.7 days, 2 crops/plants, leaf matrix
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7	Value	2.0	A5	Moderately fast
	Note	DT50: 3.5 days sterile water , 2 days natural water both in summer sunlight 40 deg N and pH 5
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7	Value	Stable	A5	Very persistent
	Note	Stable pH 5 to pH 9, at 25 degC
Water-sediment DT50 (days)		196.1	A5	Slow
Water phase only DT50 (days)		80.8	A5	Stable

Soil adsorption and mobility:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	DW3	Very mobile
	Koc	13
	Notes and range	-
Freundlich	Kf	0.14	A5	Very mobile
	Kfoc	7.22
	1/n	0.773
	Notes and range	EU dossier Kf range 0.04-0.73 mL/g, Kfoc range 0.31-20.3 mL/g, 1/n range 0.44-1.52, Soils=14
pH sensitivity		Yes - soils pH >5 show lower adsorption

Other known metabolites:

Metabolite name and reference	Aliases	Formation medium / Rate	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Metabolising enzymes
4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-hydroxypicolinic acid	6-OH picloram	Plant	-	-
oxamic acid	-	Water (Photolysis)	-	-
3-oxo-beta-alanine	-	Water (Photolysis)	-	-
4-amino-2,3,5-trichloropyridine (Ref: K-041160)	PYR	Plant	-	-
aminopyralid (Ref: XDE 750) Note: A5	-	Water; Sediment	-	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY
for picloram

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg-1)	74	F4 Whole fish	Low potential
	CT50 (days)	Not available		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		4012	A5 Rat	Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg-1)	-	L2 Rat, 2 year	-
	(ppm diet)	20		-
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 1944	A5 Anas platyrhynchos	Moderate
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50)		> 5620 mg kg feed-1	A5 Colinus virginianus	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		8.8	A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		0.55	A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1)		44.2	A5 Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		6.79	A5 Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1)		100	A5 Chironomus riparius	Low
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1)		102	A5 Lemna gibba	Low
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1)		60.2	A5 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata	Low
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Honeybees	Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	> 100	A5	Low
	Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	> 74	A5	Moderate
	Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	-	-	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1)		> 4475	A5 Eisenia foetida	Low
Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1)		0.167	A4 Eisenia foetida, 8 week	Moderate
Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola	LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR50 g ha-1	23.45	A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR50 g ha-1	23.45	A5 Typhlodromus pyri	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for picloram

General:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		4012	A5 Rat	Low
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight)		> 2000	A5 Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1)		> 0.035	A5 Rat, 4 hr (whole body)	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-		-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.3	A5 Rabbit, SF=100	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.3	A5 Rabbit, SF=100	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.3	A5 Rabbit, SF=100	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		0.1-10.0	A5 concentration dependant	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Limits		[LT TWA 8hr: 10 mg/m3], [ST 15 mins: 20 mg/m3]	MEL UK HSE	-
Exposure Routes	Public	No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified
	Occupational	No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified
European MRLs		Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1)		0.1	EU Dir 89/778/EC limit; Calc MAC=900 μg l-1; A5	-

Health issues:

Carcinogen	Mutagen	Endocrine disrupter	Reproduction / development effects	Cholinesterase inhibitor	Neurotoxicant
					-
Respiratory tract irritant	Skin irritant	Skin sensitiser	Eye irritant	Phototoxicant
		-		-
General human health issues		Slightly toxic IARC Group 3 carcinogen

: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found

Handling issues:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General		Prevent generation of dust Not oxidising or explosive IMDG Transport Code is usually 9
CLP classification 2013		None allocated at this time
EC Risk Classification		N - Dangerous for the environment: R51, R53
EC Safety Classification		S60, S61
WHO Classification		U	-	Unlikely to present an acute hazard
US EPA Classification (formulation)		I	-	Danger - Highly toxic
UN Number		Usually 3082
Waste disposal & packaging		Packaging Group III (minor danger)

TRANSLATIONS
for picloram

Language	Name
English	picloram
French	piclorame
German	Picloram
Danish	picloram
Italian	picloram
Spanish	picloram
Greek	-
Slovenian	pikloram
Polish	pikloram
Swedish	-
Hungarian	-
Dutch	-

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Record last updated: Sunday 14 August 2016
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk