Propazine (Ref: G 30028)	Last updated: 04/01/2021
(Also known as: prozinex; propazin; gesamil)

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GENERAL INFORMATION

Description	A chlorotriazine herbicide used for control of broad-leaved weeds and annual grasses
Example pests controlled	Annual morning glory; Pigweed; Smartweed; Carpet weed; Lambsquarter; Ragweed; Velvetleaf
Example applications	Sorghum; Corn; Some umbelliferae vegetables; Carrots; Fennel; Ornamentals; Greenhouse use
Efficacy & activity	-
Availability status	Current
Introduction & key dates	1998, USA

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status	Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires	Expired
UK LERAP status	No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	-
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires	Expired
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	-
Listed in EU database	Yes
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States	ATAustria BEBelgium BGBulgaria CYCyprus CZCzech Republic DEGermany DKDenmark EEEstonia ELGreece                   ESSpain FIFinland FRFrance HRCroatia HUHungary IEIreland ITItaly LTLithuania LULuxembourg                   LVLatvia MTMalta NLNetherlands PLPoland PTPortugal RORomania SESweden SISlovenia SKSlovakia

Also used in

Also used in	Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism	-
Chemical formula	C₉H₁₆ClN₅
Canonical SMILES	CC(C)NC1=NC(=NC(=N1)Cl)NC(C)C
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	WJNRPILHGGKWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C9H16ClN5/c1-5(2)11-8-13-7(10)14-9(15-8)12-6(3)4/h5-6H,1-4H3,(H2,11,12,13,14,15)
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

General status

Pesticide type	Herbicide
Substance group	Triazine
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Selective, systemic, absorbed by roots and translocated
CAS RN	139-40-2
EC number	205-359-9
CIPAC number	92
US EPA chemical code	080808
PubChem CID	4937
Molecular mass	229.71
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	-
IUPAC name	6-chloro-N2,N4-diisopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
CAS name	6-chloro-N,N'-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
Other status information	Marine pollutant
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	C1
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	5
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	-
Physical state	Colourless crystalline solid

Formulations

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Milogard Milo-Pro Gesamil Milocep
Example products using this active	Griffin Corporation Ciba Geigy Makhteshim Agan
Formulation and application details	Often supplied as water-dispersible granules or wettable powder

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		8.6	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		6200	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Benzene	-
		5000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Diethyl ether	-
		2500	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Carbon tetrachloride	-
Melting point (°C)		213	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Boiling point (°C)		-	-	-
Degradation point (°C)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (°C)		-	-	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C	P	8.91 X 1003	Calculated	-
	Log P	3.95	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	High
Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)		1.16	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C		1.7	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
		Very weak base
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)		0.004	G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 4 = Verified data	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)		1.79 X 10-04	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Non-volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)		-	-	-

Degradation

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT₅₀ (typical)	131	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Persistent
	DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)	135	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Persistent
	DT₅₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	Best available data
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7	Value	0.8	K3 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 3 = Unverified data of known source	Fast
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7	Value	83	K3 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 3 = Unverified data of known source	Moderately persistent
	Note	Stable under normal environmental conditions, hydrolysed by acids and alkalis at elevated temperatures
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)		77	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Moderately fast
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)		77	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Stable

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Moderately mobile
	Koc	154
	Notes and range	Best available data
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

Fate indices

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index		3.86	Calculated	High leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate	Value	1.07 X 1000	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		Medium	Calculated	-
Potential for loss via drain flow		Moderately mobile	Calculated	-

Key metabolites

Metabolite	Formation medium	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	1107/2009 relevancy
hydroxypropazine	Soil	-	-

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference	Aliases	Formation medium / Rate	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Metabolising enzymes
2-hydroxy-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine	-	Soil (Aerobic); Water (Photolysis)	-	-
4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine	-	Soil (Aerobic)	-	-
2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine	-	Soil (Aerobic & Anaerobic)	-	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg⁻¹)	62	Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Estimated	Low potential
	CT₅₀ (days)	Not available		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		3840	G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 4 = Verified data Rat	Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg⁻¹)	13	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	High
	(ppm diet)	200		-
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 10000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Anas platyrhynchos	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)		-	-	-
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		> 17.5	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Oncorhynchus mykiss	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		> 17.7	K2 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Unknown species	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)		0.88	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Lemna gibba	Moderate
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)		0.18	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Cyanobacteria	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	16	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Moderate
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		3840	G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 4 = Verified data Rat	Low
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)		3100	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		2.04	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rabbit	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-	-	-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	-
	Occupational	-
European MRLs		EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)		-	-	-

Health issues

Specific human health issues		Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disruptor XNo, known not to cause a problem A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative ?Possibly, status not identified Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant ?Possibly, status not identified No data found No data found Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser ✓Yes, known to cause a problem ✓Yes, known to cause a problem No data found Eye irritant Phototoxicant   ✓Yes, known to cause a problem No data found
General human health issues		Endocrine issues - Induction of aromatase activity and increase of estrogen production

Handling issues

Property	Value and interpretation
General	No information available
CLP classification 2013	Health: H351 Environment: H400, H410
EC Risk Classification	Carcinogen category 3: R40 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53
EC Safety Classification	S2, S36/37, S60, S61
WHO Classification	U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)
UN Number	-
Waste disposal & packaging	Packaging Group III (minor danger)

TRANSLATIONS

Language	Name
English	propazine
French	propazine
German	Propazin
Danish	propazin
Italian	propazina
Spanish	propazina
Greek	-
Polish	propazyna
Swedish	-
Hungarian	-
Dutch	propazine

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Record last updated:	04/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242