Bendiocarb (Ref: NC 6897)	Last updated: 18/12/2020
(Also known as: bendiocarbe; bencarbate)

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SUMMARY

Bendiocarb is a carbamate insecticide and veterinary treatment that does not have EU regulatory approval for use. It has a moderate aqueous solubility, moderate volatility, is moderately mobile but, based on its chemical properties, would not be expected to leach to groundwater. It is highly toxic to mammals but tends not to bioaccumulate. It has a moderate to high toxicity for most aquatic organisms. It is highly toxic to birds and honey so but slightly less to earthworms.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description	A carbamate insecticide with a wide range of uses including storage, soil-dwelling and some foliar pests. Also has some veterinary applications.
Example pests controlled	Beetles; Aphids; Mites; caterpillars; Spiders; Wasps; Ants; Flies
Example applications	Non-cropped areas including paths, railroads; Residences and commercial buildings; Turf; Ornamentals
Efficacy & activity	-
Availability status	Current
Introduction & key dates	1971

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status	Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires	Expired
UK LERAP status	No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	-
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires	Expired
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	-
Listed in EU database	Yes
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States	ATAustria BEBelgium BGBulgaria CYCyprus CZCzech Republic DEGermany DKDenmark EEEstonia ELGreece                   ESSpain FIFinland FRFrance HRCroatia HUHungary IEIreland ITItaly LTLithuania LULuxembourg                   LVLatvia MTMalta NLNetherlands PLPoland PTPortugal RORomania SESweden SISlovenia SKSlovakia

Also used in

Also used in	Australia, USA

Chemical structure

Isomerism	-
Chemical formula	C₁₁H₁₃NO₄
Canonical SMILES	CC1(OC2=C(O1)C(=CC=C2)OC(=O)NC)C
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	XEGGRYVFLWGFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C11H13NO4/c1-11(2)15-8-6-4-5-7(9(8)16-11)14-10(13)12-3/h4-6H,1-3H3,(H,12,13)
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
bendiocarb	-

General status

Pesticide type	Insecticide, Veterinary substance
Substance group	Carbamate
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Systemic, with contact and stomach action resulting in rapid knock-down. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.
CAS RN	22781-23-3
EC number	245-216-8
CIPAC number	232
US EPA chemical code	105201
PubChem CID	2314
Molecular mass	223.23
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	2,2-dimethyl-2H-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl methylcarbamate
IUPAC name	2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl methylcarbamate
CAS name	2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl methylcarbamate
Other status information	Marine Pollutant
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	1A
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	Anopheles albimanus, Aonidella aurantii, Culex pipiens pipiens, plus others
Physical state	White odoureless crystals

Formulations

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Multimet Sudoxin Tattoo Seedox Ficam Turcam Garvox
Example products using this active	Farnham Co Bayer Environmental Science FBC NOR-AM
Formulation and application details	Usually supplied in formulations for topical administration including impregnated collars

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		280	B4 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 4 = Verified data	Moderate
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		250	L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Dichlorobenzene	-
		175000	L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Acetone	-
		40000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Ethanol	-
		225	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source n-Hexane	-
Melting point (°C)		126.7	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Boiling point (°C)		Decomposes before boiling	V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Degradation point (°C)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (°C)		Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable	V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C	P	5.01 X 1001	Calculated	-
	Log P	1.7	B4 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 4 = Verified data	Low
Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)		1.29	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C		8.8	DW4 DW = Don Wauchope personal database for Pka data: Wauchope, R. D. and Edwards, J. Dissociation constants for pesticide active ingredients: a database and comparison with predicted values. MS in preparation 4 = Verified data	-
		Very weak acid
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)		4.6	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)		4.00 X 10-03	H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data	Non-volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)		-	-	-

Degradation

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT₅₀ (typical)	3.5	H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data	Non-persistent
	DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)	5.0	Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Non-persistent
	DT₅₀ (field)	3.5	H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data	Non-persistent
	DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	Literature values vary from a few days to a few weeks depending on soil type
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix	Value	18.3	R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
	Note	Azelea leaves, undercover, n=1
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix	Value	4.9	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	-
	Note	Published literature RL₅₀ range 3.6-8.0 days, 5 field crops, various matrices, n=10
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7	Value	13	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Moderately fast
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7	Value	25	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Non-persistent
	Note	Hydrolysed rapidly in alkali media, slows under acid and neutral conditions
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)		2	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Fast
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)		2	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Moderately fast

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	H3 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Moderately mobile
	Koc	385
	Notes and range	Other sources Koc 570 mL g⁻¹ (DW3)
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

Fate indices

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index		0.77	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate	Value	2.19 X 10-03	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		Low	Calculated	-
Potential for loss via drain flow		Moderately mobile	Calculated	-

Key metabolites

Metabolite	Formation medium	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	1107/2009 relevancy
2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-ol (Ref: NC-7312)	Soil	-	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg⁻¹)	64.8	E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source Lepomis macrochirus	Low potential
	CT₅₀ (days)	Not available		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		34	B3 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	High
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg⁻¹)	0.75	B3 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	High
	(ppm diet)	-		-
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 3.1	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Anas platyrhynchos	High
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)		-	-	-
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		> 1.55	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Oncorhynchus mykiss	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.03	J4 J = Pesticide Action Network database (click here ) 4 = Verified data Daphnia magna	High
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		0.00074	F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data Daphnia magna	High
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.006	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Americamysis bahia	High
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)		> 1.71	K3 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 3 = Unverified data of known source Unknown species	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)		0.32	Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Unknown species	Moderate
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	> 0.1	E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 4 = Verified data	High
	Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		188	F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data Eisenia foetida	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		34	B3 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	High
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)		566	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.55	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-	-	-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		0.004	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes UK ACP 2002	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	-
	Occupational	-
European MRLs		EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)		-	-	-

Health issues

Specific human health issues		Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disruptor XNo, known not to cause a problem A3 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 3 = Negative ; B3 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 3 = Negative ; C3 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 3 = Negative ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative ?Possibly, status not identified Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant ?Possibly, status not identified ✓Yes, known to cause a problem ✓Yes, known to cause a problem Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser No data found XNo, known not to cause a problem No data found Eye irritant Phototoxicant   XNo, known not to cause a problem No data found
General human health issues		May cause hepatic and renal diseases May cause respiratory problems Endocrine issues - Weak estrogen effect

Handling issues

Property	Value and interpretation
General	No information available
CLP classification 2013	Health: H301, H331, H312 Environment: H400, H410
EC Risk Classification	T - Toxic: R23/25 Xn - Harmful: R21 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53
EC Safety Classification	S1/2, S22, S45, S61, S36/37, S60
WHO Classification	II (Moderately hazardous)
UN Number	2757
Waste disposal & packaging	-

TRANSLATIONS

Language	Name
English	bendiocarb
French	bendiocarbe
German	Bendiocarb
Danish	bendiocarb
Italian	bendiocarb
Spanish	bendiocarb
Greek	bendiocarb
Polish	bendiokarb
Swedish	-
Hungarian	-
Dutch	bendiocarb

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Record last updated:	18/12/2020
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242