Tetraconazole (Ref: M 14360)

Tetraconazole (Ref: M 14360)	Last updated: 21/08/2024
(Also known as: tetraconazol)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Very persistent; Potential for particle bound transport: High	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Bees acute contact ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Mammals acute toxicity: Moderate; Possible Carcinogen; Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A fungicide used to control a range of fungal infections such as Septoria, and Rhynchosporium on cereals, sugarbeet and other crops

Example pests controlled

Powdery mildew; Rusts; Bunt; Loose smut; Scab; Leafspot

Example applications

Sugarbeet; Wheat; Grapes; Apple; Tomato

Efficacy & activity

Corn/Grey leaf spot=High; Corn/Southern rust=Moderate; Soybean/Anthracnose=Moderate; Soybean/Brown spot=High; Soybean/Rust=High; Soybean/White mould=Moderate

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

circa 1990, introduced

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/12/2028

GB LERAP status

Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

France/Germany

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

31/03/2027

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓			✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓		✓	✓	✓			✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
	✓		✓	✓	✓		✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia; USA; Iran; Morocco

Chemical structure

Isomerism

A chiral molecule. The technical material is an isomeric mixture of the R (+) and S (-) forms.

Chemical formula

C₁₃H₁₁Cl₂F₄N₃O

Canonical SMILES

C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)C(CN2C=NC=N2)COC(C(F)F)(F)F

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

LQDARGUHUSPFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C13H11Cl2F4N3O/c14-9-1-2-10(11(15)3-9)8(4-22-7-20-6-21-22)5-23-13(18,19)12(16)17/h1-3,6-8,12H,4-5H2

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide

Substance groups

Triazole fungicide; Conazole fungicide

Minimum active substance purity

950 g kg⁻¹ racemic mixture

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - toluene 13g kg⁻¹

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Systemic with protectant, eradicant and curative properties. Sterol biosynthesis inhibitor, acts mainly on the vegetative stages of fungi by blocking the mycelial growth either inside or on the surface of the host plant.

CAS RN

112281-77-3

EC number

407-760-6

CIPAC number

726

US EPA chemical code

120603

PubChem CID

80277

CLP index number

613-174-00-3

Molecular mass

372.15

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

rac-1-[(2R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole

IUPAC name

(RS)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether

CAS name

1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Colourless viscous liquid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

AgriGuard
Isagro
Sipcam
Affiance

Example products using this active

Trident
Eminent 40ME

Formulation and application details

Formulations include microemulsions

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

156.6

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

300000

Xylene

300000

Acetone

300000

Ethyl acetate

15000

n-Hexane

Melting point (°C)

-29.2

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

235

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

3.63 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.56

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Soluble

Data type

Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.459

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

0.65

pKa range 0.8-0.5, Strong acid

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.18

Low volatility. If applied directly to plants, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

3.60 X 10^-04

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

281nm < 310, No significant aborption at >290 nm

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

49.94

at 20°C 111.8mg l⁻¹

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

83.8

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

430

Very persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

Stable

DT₉₀ (field)

1428

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier states no degradation during lab studies, field studies DT₅₀ range 136-1688 days, DT₉₀ range 453-5606 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

5.8

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 4.0-9.6 days, 7 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=12

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

217

Stable

Note

Not expected to be an important degradation rate

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 4 to pH 9, 120 hrs

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

340

Slow

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Moderately fast

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

145

Slightly mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

1152

¹/_n

0.92

Notes and range

EU dossier kf range 8.53-548.9 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 531-1922 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.88-0.99, Soils=4

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

2.47

Calculated

Transition state

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

1.63 X 10^-01

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

High

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

27.84

Calculated using the Atkinson method

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

35.7

Whole fish

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

0.189

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoic acid (Ref: CGA 179944)

Minor fraction

0.089

1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylacetic acid (Ref: CGA 142856)

Minor fraction

0.049

2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol (Ref: M14360-alcohol)

Major fraction

0.470

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1031

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

> 0.8

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

> 10

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

132

Colinus virginianus

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

55.5 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Anas platyrhynchos

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

8.2

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 0.5 mg kg⁻¹ soil 28 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

> 112

10 tested species
Vegetative vigour, ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

> 112

10 tested species
Seedling emergence, ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 130

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

= 125

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

4.3

Lepomis macrochirus

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.3

Pimephales promelas Growth

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 7.28

Danio rerio Embryo

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

3.0

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.19

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.42

Mysidopsis bahia

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

4.45

Chironomus riparius

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants (free-floating, growth) - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

0.52

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Aquatic plants (rooted, growth) - Acute 14 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

2.4

Ankistodesmus bibaiamus

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1031

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 3.66

Rat 4 hr (whole body)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.004

Rat SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.05

Rat SF=100

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.03

Dog SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

1.0-20.0

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List II

Exposure Routes

Public

No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified

Occupational

No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified with PPE/PPC

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

EU expected to amend MRL in early 2023

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Liver toxicant
US EPA - likely to be human carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302, H332
Environment: H411

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

tetraconazole

French

tetraconazole

German

Tetraconazol

Danish

tetraconazol

Italian

tetraconazolo

Spanish

tetraconazol

Greek

Polish

tetrakonazol

Swedish

Hungarian

tetrakonazol

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	21/08/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242