benomyl (Ref: T 1991) |
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SUMMARY
Benomyl is a foliar fungicide that no longer has EU approval for use. It has a low aqueous solubility, is volatile, is slightly mobile and, based on its chemical properties, is not expected to leach to groundwater. It is generally not persistent in soil systems but may persist in some water systems under certain conditions. Benomyl has a low mammalian toxicity with a low potential for bioaccumulation. It is also reported to have harmful effects on human development/fertility. It is moderately toxic to birds, honeybees, earthworms and most aquatic organisms GENERAL INFORMATION
for benomyl
Description: A broad-spectrum foliar fungicide used to control a wide range of Ascomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti in a wide range of crops
Example pests controlled: Fruit spot; Powdery mildew; Scab; Post-harvest decay; Blosson end rot; Blosson blight; Brown rot; Collar rot; Phoma leaf blotch; Black spot; Corm rot; Loose smut; Sclerotina rot
Example applications: Field crops; Nuts; Muschrooms; Ornamentals; Turf; Apples & pears; Peaches; Curcubits; Peppers; Peas; Grapes
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1968, Introduced
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
Status | Not approved |
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Germany |
Date inclusion expires | Not applicable |
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | - |
Approved for use () or known to be used (
) in the following European countries:
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
Also used in: USA
Pesticide type | Fungicide, Miticide | |
Substance group | Benzimidazole | |
Minimum active substance purity | - | |
Known relevant impurities | - | |
Substance origin | Synthetic | |
Mode of action | Systemic with protectant and eradicant activity. Also has ovicidal activity against mites. Inhibition of mitosis and cell division (Beta-tubulin assembly in mitosis) | |
CAS RN | 17804-35-2 | |
EC number | 241-775-7 | |
CIPAC number | 206 | |
US EPA chemical code | 099101 | |
CLP index number | 613-049-00-3 | |
Isomerism | - | |
Chemical formula | C14H18N4O3 | |
SMILES | O=C(n1c2ccccc2nc1NC(=O)OC)NCCCC | |
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | RIOXQFHNBCKOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C14H18N4O3/c1-3-4-9-15-13(19)18-11-8-6-5-7-10(11)16-12(18)17-14(20)21-2/h5-8H,3-4,9H2,1-2H3,(H,15,19)(H,16,17,20) | |
Structure diagram/image available? | Yes | |
Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 290.32 | |
PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | methyl [1-(butylcarbamoyl)-1H-1,3-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate | |
IUPAC name | methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate | |
CAS name | methyl [1-[(butylamino)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate | |
Other status information | Chemical subject to PIC regulations (some formulations); Marine Pollutant | |
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not applicable | |
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | 1 | |
Examples of recorded resistance | - | |
Physical state | Tan coloured crystals | |
Related substances & organisms |
Formulations:
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for benomyl
Key metabolites:
Metabolite | Formation medium | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | 1107/2009 relevancy ![]() |
|
carbendazim (Ref: BAS 346F) | Soil | - |
Other known metabolites:
Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation medium / Rate | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | Metabolising enzymes |
N,N-dibutylurea Note: Toxic |
- | Soil | - | - |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for benomyl
General:
Property ![]() |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information ![]() |
Interpretation ![]() |
|
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) ![]() |
High (class III) | - | - | |
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 10000 | B5 Rat | Low | |
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 5000 | L3 Rabbit | - | |
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 2.0 | L3 Rat | - | |
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.1 | JMPR 1995 | - | |
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
Exposure Limits | [LT TWA 8hr: 10 mg/m3], [ST 15 mins: 15 mg/m3] | Occupation Exposure | - | |
Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
Occupational | Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact | |||
European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - |
Health issues:
Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
- |
||||||||
Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
- |
|
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General human health issues | May cause eye defects in new borns - anophthalmia May cause contact dermatitis and may be a skin sensitiser Endocrine issues - Increase of estrogen production and aromatase activity |
: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
Language | Name |
English | benomyl |
French | bénomyl |
German | Benomyl |
Danish | benomyl |
Italian | benomil |
Spanish | benomil; benomyl |
Greek | benomyl |
Slovenian | benomil |
Polish | benomyl |
Swedish | benomyl |
Hungarian | benomil |
Dutch | benomyl |
Record last updated: Wednesday 29 November 2017
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk