| bensulide (Ref: R 4461) |
 |
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SUMMARY
Bensulide is a herbicide without approval for use in the EU. It has a low aqueous solubility, miscible with most common organic solvents and shows a low to moderate volatility. It may persist in soil and water systems under certain conditions. They is a low risk of leaching to groundwater. Bensulide has a moderate toxicity to humans as well as being a cholinesterase inhibitor and a neurotoxin. It is moderately toxic to birds, fish, aquatic plants and honeybees. GENERAL INFORMATION 
for bensulide
Description: A selective, pre-emergence organophosphorus herbicide
Example pests controlled: Bluegrass; Crabgrass; Pigweed; Red deadnettle; Goosegrass; Lambsquarters; Shepherd's purse; Fescue; Bentgrass
Example applications: Carrots; Cucumbers; Melon; Peppers; Lettuce; Brassicas; Squash; Tomatoes; Cotton; Turf
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1962
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | - |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: Australia
General status:
| Pesticide type | Herbicide | |||
| Substance group | Phosphorodithioate | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | - | |||
| Known relevant impurities | - | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Selective, acts by inhibiting germination, absorbed through leaves and roots | |||
| CAS RN | 741-58-2 | |||
| EC number | 212-010-4 | |||
| CIPAC number | 295 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 009801 | |||
| Chiral molecule | No | |||
| Chemical formula | C14H24NO4PS3 | |||
| SMILES | O=S(=O)(NCCSP(=S)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C)c1ccccc1 | |||
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | RRNIZKPFKNDSRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |||
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C14H24NO4PS3/c1-12(2)18-20(21,19-13(3)4)22-11-10-15-23(16,17)14-8-6-5-7-9-14/h5-9,12-13,15H,10-11H2,1-4H3 | |||
| Structure diagram/image available? | Yes | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 397.51 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | S-[2-(benzenesulfonamido)ethyl] O,O-di(propan-2-yl) phosphorodithioate | |||
| IUPAC name | O,O-diisopropyl S-2-phenylsulfonylaminoethyl phosphorodithioate | |||
| CAS name | O,O-bis(1-methylethyl) S-[2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl] phosphorodithioate | |||
| Other status information | Potential groundwater contaminant | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | N | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | 8 | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | - | |||
| Physical state | Colourless to yellow viscous liquid | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use or outside scope | |||
| Formulation and application details | Usually supplied as an emulsifiable concentrate or as granules. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for bensulide
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 25 | G4 | Low | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | Miscible | L2 - Acetone | - | |
| Miscible | L2 - Ethanol | - | ||
| Miscible | L2 - Xylene | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 34.4 | L3 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | Decomposes before boiling | G4 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | 100 | L3 | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | 157 | G4 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 1.58 X 1004 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 4.2 | G4 | High | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.25 | L3 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | Not applicable | H4 | - | |
| Note: No dissociation | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa) | 0.133 | L3 | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 2.11 X 10-03 | L3 | Non-volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 20oC (dimensionless) | 8.68 X 10-07 | Calculated | Moderately volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
1.64 | Calculated | Low leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 4.96 X 10-02 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | High | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 90 | L3 | Moderately persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 (field) | 120 | Q3 | Persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| Note | Best available data. May persist for up to a year | |||
| Plant matrix DT50 (days) | Value | 30 | A5 | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | 200 | L3 | Persistent |
| Note | Not pH sensitive | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | H3 | Slightly mobile |
| Koc | 3900 | |||
| Notes and range | Best available data | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | 43.1 | F4 | Slightly mobile |
| Kfoc | 1448 | |||
| 1/n | 1.04 | |||
| Notes and range | Kf range 11.0-65.4 mL/g, Kfoc range 785-2037 mL/g, 1/n - no data, Soils=3 | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 880 | F4 Whole fish | Threshold for concern |
| CT50 (days) | Not available | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 270 | L3 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | 1 | L2 Rat, 2 year | High |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 1386 | L3 Colinus virginianus | Moderate | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 1.1 | L3 Oncorhynchus mykiss | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | > 0.58 | L3 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.051 | F3 Americamysis bahia | High | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | 0.11 | F3 Lemna gibba | Moderate | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 1.6 | G3 | Moderate | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | > 1000 | E3 Eisenia foetida | Low | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for bensulide
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 270 | L3 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 2000 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 1.75 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
| Occupational | - | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | Moderately toxic May cause convulsions at high doses May cause respiratory problems |
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: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
No information available | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H302 Environment: H400, H410 |
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| EC Risk Classification |
Xn - Harmful: R22 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
S2, S22, S61, S36, S60 | |||
| WHO Classification | II | - | Moderately hazardous | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | III | - | Caution - Slightly toxic | |
| UN Number | 2902 | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | bensulide |
| French | bensulide |
| German | Bensulid |
| Danish | bensulid |
| Italian | bensulide |
| Spanish | bensulida |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | bensulid |
| Polish | bensulid |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | bensulide |
Record last updated: Wednesday 02 March 2016
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk