Benthiavalicarb	Last updated: 15/01/2023
(Also known as: Acid benthiavalicarb)

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SUMMARY

Benthiavalicarb is a herbicide usually used as the isopropyl variant. It is not highly toxic to mammals or fauna and flora.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Possible Carcinogen; Possible Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description	A fungicide active against Oomycetes fungal plant pathogens usually used as the isopropyl variant
Example pests controlled	Blight; Downy mildew
Example applications	Potatoes; Vines; Tomatoes; Grapes
Efficacy & activity	-
Availability status	Current
Introduction & key dates	2003

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status	Approved
Date COPR inclusion expires	31/07/2024
UK LERAP status	Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status	Approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Poland/France
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires	31/07/2023
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	No
Listed in EU database	Yes
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States	ATAustria BEBelgium BGBulgaria CYCyprus CZCzech Republic DEGermany DKDenmark EEEstonia ELGreece ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓ ESSpain FIFinland FRFrance HRCroatia HUHungary IEIreland ITItaly LTLithuania LULuxembourg ✓   ✓   ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ LVLatvia MTMalta NLNetherlands PLPoland PTPortugal RORomania SESweden SISlovenia SKSlovakia ✓   ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Additional information

Also used in	-

Chemical structure

Isomerism	A chiral molecule
Chemical formula	C₁₅H₁₈FN₃O₃S
Canonical SMILES	CC(C)C(C(=O)NC(C)C1=NC2=C(S1)C=C(C=C2)F)NC(=O)O
Isomeric SMILES	C[C@H](C1=NC2=C(S1)C=C(C=C2)F)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)O
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	VVSLYIKSEBPRSN-PRHODGIISA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C15H18FN3O3S/c1-7(2)12(19-15(21)22)13(20)17-8(3)14-18-10-5-4-9(16)6-11(10)23-14/h4-8,12,19H,1-3H3,(H,17,20)(H,21,22)/t8-,12+/m1/s1
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

General status

Pesticide type	Fungicide
Substance groups	Carbamate fungicide; Valinamide fungicide; Benzothiazole fungicide
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Protective and curative action with residual effects, inhibits phospholipid biosynthesis
CAS RN	413615-35-7
EC number	609-913-4
CIPAC number	744
US EPA chemical code	Not listed
PubChem CID	20593234
CLP index number	No data found
Molecular mass	339.5
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	[(1S)-1-{[(1R)-1-(6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-methylpropyl]carbamic acid
IUPAC name	[(S)-1-{[(1R)-1-(6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-methylpropyl]carbamic acid
CAS name	[(1S)-1-[[[(1R)-1-(6-fluoro-2-benzothiazolyl)ethyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-methylpropyl]carbamic acid
Other status information	-
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	40
Examples of recorded resistance	-
Physical state	White powder
Related substances & organisms	benthiavalicarb-isopropyl

Formulations

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Certis Kumiai Chemical Co
Example products using this active	Valbon
Formulation and application details	Usually supplied as the isopropyl variant and formulated as water dispersible granules or flowable concentrates for use as a spray

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Melting point (°C)		-	-	-
Boiling point (°C)		-	-	-
Degradation point (°C)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (°C)		-	-	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C	P	-	-	-
	Log P	-	-	-
Fat solubility of residues	Solubility	-	-	-
	Data type	-	-	-
Density (g ml⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C		-	-	-
		-
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)		-	-	-
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)		-	-	-
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)		-	-	-

Degradation

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT₅₀ (typical)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	-	-
	Koc	-
	Notes and range	-
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

Fate indices

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index		-	-	-
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate	Value	Cannot be calculated	-	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	-	-
Potential for loss via drain flow		-	-	-
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	CT₅₀ (days)	-		-

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite	Major/Minor fraction	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Notes
6-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzothiazole (Ref: KIF-230-M1)	Major fraction	0.277	Applied as the isopropyl variant
1-(6-fluoro-2-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethanol (Ref: KIF-230-M3)	Major fraction	0.123	Applied as the isopropyl varian
1-(6-fluoro-2-benzothiazolyl)ethylamine (Ref: KIF-230-M5)	Major fraction	0.268	Applied as the isopropyl varian
6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl methyl ketone (Ref: KF-230-M4)	Minor fraction	0.098	Applied as the isopropyl varian
N-[1-(6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)ethyl]acetamide (Ref: KF-230-M8)	Minor fraction	0.026	Applied as the isopropyl varian

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference	Aliases	Formation medium / Rate	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Metabolising enzymes
6,6’-difluoro-2,2’-dibenzothiazole Note: Applied as the isopropyl variant	KF-230-I-6	Impurity	-	-
bis(2-amino-5-fluorophenyl) disulphide Note: Applied as the isopropyl variant	KF-230-I-12	Impurity	-	-
6-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzothiazole (Ref: KIF-230-M1) Note: Applied as the isopropyl variant	KIF-230-M1	Rat; Plant; Surface water; Sediment	-	-
1-(6-fluoro-2-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethanol (Ref: KIF-230-M3) Note: Applied as the isopropyl variant	KIF-230-M3	Rat; Surface water; Sediment	-	-
1-(6-fluoro-2-benzothiazolyl)ethylamine (Ref: KIF-230-M5) Note: Applied as the isopropyl variant	KIF-230-M5	Rat; Surface water; Sediment	-	-
- Note: Applied as the isopropyl variant	KIF-230-M15	Rat	-	-
6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl methyl ketone Note: Applied as the isopropyl variant	KIF-230-M4	Plant; Surface water; Sediment	-	-
N-[1-(6-Fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)ethyl]acetamide Note: Applied as the isopropyl variant	KIF-230-M8	Surface water; Sediment	-	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 5000	A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data Rat	Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	(ppm diet)	-		-
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 2000	A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data Colinus virginianus as isopropyl variant	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)		-	-	-
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 100	A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data Eisenia foetida as isopropyl variant	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Collembola	Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	> 100	A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Low
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	> 100	A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data as isopropyl variant	Low
	Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)		-	-	-
Beneficial insects (Lacewings)		-	-	-
Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)		-	-	-
Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)		-	-	-
Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)		-	-	-

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		> 10	A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data Oncorhynchus mykiss as isopropyl variant	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		1.0	A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data Oncorhynchus mykiss as isopropyl variant 28 day	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		> 10	A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data Daphnia magna as isopropyl variant	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)		> 10	A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata as isopropyl variant	Low
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 5000	A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data Rat	Low
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)		-	-	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-	-	-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		0.1	A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		None allocated	A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		5.0	A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		List II	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified
	Occupational	Protective clothing should be worn Possible risk from dermal exposure
MRLs	European	EU MRL pesticide database
	Great Britain	GB MRL Register
	Notes	-
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Mammalian dose elimination route and rate		-	-	-

Health issues

Specific human health issues		Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disruptor ?Possibly, status not identified A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data XNo, known not to cause a problem Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant ?Possibly, status not identified XNo, known not to cause a problem XNo, known not to cause a problem Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser XNo, known not to cause a problem ?Possibly, status not identified ✓Yes, known to cause a problem Eye irritant Phototoxicant   XNo, known not to cause a problem No data found
General human health issues		May cause allergic reaction Possible liver and thyroid toxicant

Handling issues

Property	Value and interpretation
General	Not explosive or oxidising Not expected to autoignite; Not highly flammable
CLP classification 2013	Health: H317, H351, H361 Environment: H400
WHO Classification	NL (Not listed)
UN Number	-
Waste disposal & packaging	-

TRANSLATIONS

Language	Name
English	benthiavalicarb
French	benthiavalicarbe
German	Benthiavalicarb
Danish	benthiavalicarb
Italian	bentiavalicarb
Spanish	bentiavalicarb
Greek	-
Polish	bentiawalikarb
Swedish	-
Hungarian	-
Dutch	-

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Record last updated:	15/01/2023
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242