| bromoxynil octanoate |
 |
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GENERAL INFORMATION 
for bromoxynil octanoate
Description: An HBN herbicide used for post-emergence control of annual broad-leaved weeds
Example pests controlled: Annual sowthistle; Mustard; Cocklebur; Pennycress; Ragweed; Groundsel; Henbit; Russian thistle; Velvetleaf; Morning glory; Lambsquarter; Kochia; Wild buckweed
Example applications: Cereals including wheat, barley, oats, rye; Flax; Sweetcorn; Field corn; Onions & garlic; Turf
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: circa 1980
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | France |
| Date inclusion expires | 31/07/2017 |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: Australia, Latin America, USA
General status:
| Pesticide type | Herbicide | |
| Substance group | Hydroxybenzonitrile | |
| Minimum active substance purity | 945 g/kg | |
| Known relevant impurities | EU dossier - None declared | |
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |
| Mode of action | Select contact action with some systemic activity. Inhibits photosynthesis (photosystem II). | |
| CAS RN | 1689-99-2 | |
| EC number | 216-885-3 | |
| CIPAC number | 87.407 | |
| US EPA chemical code | 035302 | |
| Chiral molecule | No | |
| Chemical formula | C15H17Br2NO2 | |
| SMILES | Brc1cc(C#N)cc(Br)c1OC(=O)CCCCCCC | |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | DQKWXTIYGWPGOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C15H17Br2NO2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-14(19)20-15-12(16)8-11(10-18)9-13(15)17/h8-9H,2-7H2,1H3 | |
| Structure diagram/image available? | Yes | |
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 403.00 | |
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | 2,6-dibromo-4-cyanophenyl octanoate | |
| IUPAC name | 2,6-dibromo-4-cyanophenyl octanoate | |
| CAS name | 2,6-dibromo-4-cyanophenyl octanoate | |
| Other status information | Marine Pollutant; PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical | |
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | C3 | |
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | 6 | |
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not applicable | |
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |
| Examples of recorded resistance | - | |
| Physical state | Fine white powder | |
| Related substances & organisms | ||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | Buffer probably required in UK - see product label | |||
| Formulation and application details | Spray application. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for bromoxynil octanoate
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 0.05 | A5 | Low | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 1215000 | A5 - Acetone | - | |
| 847000 | A5 - Ethyl acetate | - | ||
| 207000 | A5 - Methanol | - | ||
| 813000 | A5 - Toluene | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 45.3 | A5 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | Decomposes before boiling | A4 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | 180 | A5 | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | A5 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 1.58 X 1006 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 6.2 | A5 | High | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.638 | A5 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | Not relevant | A5 | - | |
| Note: No disocciation | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa) | 0.02 | A5 | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 0.19 | A5 | Moderately volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 20oC (dimensionless) | 6.62 X 10-05 | Calculated | Volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
0.02 | Calculated | Low leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 5.35 X 10-03 | Calculated | - |
| Note | Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g-1 are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Low | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | In methanol: 214nm = 61353, 295nm = 1494 | A5 | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | 56.58 | A5 at 20 degC, 98.1% | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 1 | V3 | Non-persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | 0.91 | A5 | Non-persistent | |
| DT50 (field) | 8 | A5 | Non-persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| Note | EU 2000 dossier lab studies DT50 range 7-19 hrs, field study DT50 range 1-8 days | |||
| Plant matrix DT50 (days) | Value | 2.5 | R4 | - |
| Note | DT50 range 1.9 - 4.2 days, 2 crops, various matrices | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | 16.7 | A5 | Slow |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | 15 | A5 | Non-persistent |
| Note | DT50: 34.1 days at pH 5, 1.7 days at pH 9 | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | 3.7 | A5 | Fast | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | 0.25 | A5 | Fast | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | - | - |
| Koc | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | 738 | A5 | Non-mobile |
| Kfoc | 24739 | |||
| 1/n | 1.03 | |||
| Notes and range | EU 2016 dossier Kf range 302-1236 mL/g, Kfoc range 8751-32540 mL/g, 1/n range 1.00-1.07, Soils=5 | |||
| pH sensitivity | No | |||
Key metabolites:
| Metabolite | Formation medium | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | 91/414 relevancy |
|
| bromoxynil (Ref: ENT 20852) |
Soil | 0.446 | Major fraction, Relevant | |
| 3,5-di-bromo-4-hydroxybenzamide | Soil | 0.055 | Minor fraction, Relevant | |
ECOTOXICOLOGY
for bromoxynil octanoate
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | - | - | - |
| CT50 (days) | - | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 141 | A5 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | - | - |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | 170 | A5 Colinus virginianus | Moderate | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | 1315 mg kg feed-1 | A5 Colinus virginianus | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.041 | A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss | High | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 0.0034 | A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss | High | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 0.046 | A5 Daphnia magna | High | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 0.0025 | A5 Daphnia magna | High | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.065 | F3 Americamysis bahia | High | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | 0.1 | A5 Chironomus riparius | Moderate | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | > 0.073 | A5 Lemna gibba | Moderate | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | 0.043 | A5 Navicula pelliculosa | Moderate | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 120 | A5 | Low |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 100 | A5 | Low | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | 45 | A4 Eisenia foetida as the acid | Moderate | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | 17.9 -23.6 |
Mortality Parasitism Dose: 0.45 kg ha-1 A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi, adult |
- | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | 0 | Mortality Dose: 0.45 kg ha-1 A5 Typhlodromus pyri, protonymph |
- | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for bromoxynil octanoate
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 141 | A5 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 2000 | A5 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.72 | A5 Rat | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.01 | A5 Mouse, 18 mnths, SF=100 | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.04 | A5 SF=100 | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.01 | A5 Dog, SF=100 | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | Minimal risk from dietary exposure Risk assessment indicates ARfD would not normally be execeeded |
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| Occupational | - | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | Possible liver toxicant | |||||||
: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
Containers may explode when heated to extreme Substance is not explosive or oxidising IMDG Transport Code is usually 6.1 |
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| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H301, H317, H330, H361d Environment: H400, H410 |
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| EC Risk Classification |
Reproduction risk category 3: R63 T - Toxic: R23 Xn - Harmful: R22, R43 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
S1/2, S36/37, S45, S60, S61, S63 | |||
| WHO Classification | II | - | Moderately hazardous | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | III | - | Caution - Slightly toxic | |
| UN Number | Usually 2588 | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
TRANSLATIONS
for bromoxynil octanoate
| Language | Name |
| English | bromoxynil octanoate |
| French | - |
| German | - |
| Danish | - |
| Italian | - |
| Spanish | - |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | bromoksinil oktanoat |
| Polish | - |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | - |
Record last updated: Tuesday 25 October 2016
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk