Brodifacoum (Ref: WBA 8119)

Brodifacoum (Ref: WBA 8119)	Last updated: 02/01/2021
(Also known as: PP581; BFC; bromfenacoum)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A coumarin rodenticide used inside buildings

Example pests controlled

Rats; Mice; Gophers

Example applications

House; Commercial properties; Industrial sites

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1978

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

None

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
					✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Also used in

Australia, USA

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Brodifacoum has two chiral centres. Brodifacoum exists as cis- and trans-isomers,where the cis-isomer is an isomeric mixture of (1R,3S) and (1S,3R) and the transisomer is an isomeric mixture of (1R,3R) and (1S,3S).

Chemical formula

C₃₁H₂₃BrO₃

Canonical SMILES

C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C2C1C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4OC3=O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)C6=CC=C(C=C6)Br

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

VEUZZDOCACZPRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C31H23BrO3/c32-24-15-13-20(14-16-24)19-9-11-21(12-10-19)23-17-22-5-1-2-6-25(22)27(18-23)29-30(33)26-7-3-4-8-28(26)35-31(29)34/h1-16,23,27,33H,17-18H2

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Rodenticide

Substance group

Hydrocoumarin

Minimum active substance purity

>95%

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

2nd generation anticoagulant

CAS RN

56073-10-0

EC number

259-980-5

CIPAC number

370

US EPA chemical code

112701

PubChem CID

54680676

Molecular mass

523.4

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

3-[(1E,3E)-3-(4'-bromo[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one

IUPAC name

3-[(1RS,3RS;1RS,3SR)-3-(4'-bromobiphenyl-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]-4-hydroxycoumarin

CAS name

3-[3-(4'-bromo[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one

Other status information

Severe Marine Pollutant

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White fine powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Ridak
Ratimor
Delicat
Sorexa Checkatube

Example products using this active

Sorex
Syngenta
Unichem Slovenia
Ypsilon SA

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied in ready-to-use bait formulations such as granules and pellets or in self-contained control devices

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

0.0038

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

6000

Ethyl acetate

6000

Acetone

6000

Benzene

30000

Chloroform

Melting point (°C)

230

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.32 X 10⁰⁶

Calculated

Log P

6.12

High

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

1.42

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

Very weak acid

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.13

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

2.18 X 10^-03

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

157

Persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Best available data

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Moderately persistent

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Non-mobile

K_oc

9155

Notes and range

JRC data: K_oc varies with pH 17.8 mL g⁻¹ at Ph 8.5, 426579 mL g⁻¹ at ph 3.3 and 9155 at pH 7.3. Other data source: K_oc 800 mL g⁻¹ (US3)

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.08

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

5.76 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

High

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Non-mobile

Calculated

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

6000

High risk

High potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

0.4

Rat

High

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

(ppm diet)

0.02

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 0.31

Anas platyrhynchos

High

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.051

Oncorhynchus mykiss

High

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.98

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 994

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Soil micro-organisms

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

0.4

Rat

High

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

0.3

Rabbit

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.004

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Low risk due to low concentrations used in baits

Occupational

Demal absorption may occur

European MRLs

EU MRL pesticide database

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Highly toxic
Indirect anticoagulant - severe poisonings may lead to massive haemorrhaging

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising

CLP classification 2013

Health: H300, H310, H330, H360d, H372
Environment: H400, H410

EC Risk Classification

T+ - Very toxic: R26/27/28
T - Toxic: R48/24/25
Xn - Harmful: R43
N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53

EC Safety Classification

S1/2, S45, S61, S36/37, S60

WHO Classification

Ia (Extremely hazardous)

UN Number

3027

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

brodifacoum

French

brodifacoum

German

Brodifacoum

Danish

brodifacoum

Italian

brodifacoum

Spanish

brodifacum

Greek

Polish

brodifakum

Swedish

brodifakum

Hungarian

Dutch

brodifacoum

Record last updated:	02/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242