| bromacil (Ref: DPX N0976) |
 |
Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health - A to Z Index - Home
GENERAL INFORMATION 
for bromacil
Description: A soil acting uracil herbicide used to control a wide variety of annual and perennial weeds mainly on non-crop areas and fruit
Example pests controlled: Barnyardgrass; Crabgrass; Henbit; Lambsquarters; Purslane; Annual sedge; Mustard; Bermudagrass; Nutsedge
Example applications: Fruit including citrus, pineapples; Brush; Roads, rights-of-way, railways, pavements
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1961, USA
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Not applicable |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: Australia, USA
General status:
| Pesticide type | Herbicide | |||
| Substance group | Uracil | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | - | |||
| Known relevant impurities | - | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Absorbed mainly via root system, non-selective. Inhibits photosynthesis (photosystem II). | |||
| CAS RN | 314-40-9 | |||
| EC number | 206-245-1 | |||
| CIPAC number | 139 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 012301 | |||
| Chiral molecule | Chiral, a specific isomer or a derivative of a chiral molecule | |||
| Chemical formula | C9H13BrN2O2 | |||
| SMILES | CCC(C)N1C(=O)C(=C(NC1=O)C)Br | |||
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | CTSLUCNDVMMDHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |||
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C9H13BrN2O2/c1-4-5(2)12-8(13)7(10)6(3)11-9(12)14/h5H,4H2,1-3H3,(H,11,14) | |||
| Structure diagram/image available? | Yes | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 261.12 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | rac-(3R)-5-bromo-3-(butan-2-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione | |||
| IUPAC name | (RS)-5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil | |||
| CAS name | 5-bromo-6-methyl-3-(1-methylpropyl)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione | |||
| Other status information | Potential groundwater contaminant; Potential marine pollutant | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | C1 | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | 5 | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | - | |||
| Physical state | White crystals | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use or outside scope | |||
| Formulation and application details | Available in a variety of formulations including wettable powders, water soluble liquids and granules. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for bromacil
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 815 | G4 | High | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 167000 | C4 - Acetone | - | |
| 134000 | C4 - Ethanol | - | ||
| 32000 | C4 - Xylene | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 158.5 | L3 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | Decomposes before boiling | L3 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | 158 | L3 | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | L3 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 7.59 X 1001 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 1.88 | H4 | Low | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.59 | L3 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | 9.27 | H4 | - | |
| Note: Very weak acid | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa) | 4.10 X 10-02 | H4 | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 1.50 X 10-05 | H4 | Non-volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 20oC (dimensionless) | 5.39 X 10-09 | Calculated | Non-volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
3.44 | Calculated | High leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 5.51 X 10-01 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Medium | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 60 | R4 | Moderately persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| Note | Other sources: DT50 5-6 months in silt loam soil (R3) | |||
| Plant matrix DT50 (days) | Value | 20 | A5 | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | Stable | St - ble at pH 5 and pH 7 | - |
| Note | CA3 | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | Stable | R4 | - |
| Note | Stable at all relevant pHs | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | G3 | Mobile |
| Koc | 32 | |||
| Notes and range | Other sources: log Koc 1.51 (Q3); General literature: Koc 2.3 to 289 (CA3) | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | 2.9 | R4 | Moderately mobile |
| Kfoc | 117 | |||
| 1/n | 0.917 | |||
| Notes and range | Data for freshwater sediments Kf range 0.56-6.35 mL.g, Kfoc range 26.3-289 mL/g, 1/n range 0.89-0.98, Soils = 9 | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
Other known metabolites:
| Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation medium / Rate | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | Metabolising enzymes |
| 5-bromo-6-methyluracil | - | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - |
| 5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-hydroxymethyluracil | - | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - |
| 3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil | - | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - |
| 5-bromo-3-(alpha-hydroxymethylpropyl)-6-methyluracil | - | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - |
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 2.8 | F4 Whole fish | Low potential |
| CT50 (days) | Not available | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 1300 | L3 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | L2 Rat, 2 year | - |
| (ppm diet) | 50 | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 2250 | L3 Colinus virginianus | Low | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 36 | L3 Lepomis macrochirus | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | > 95.6 | L2 Pimephales promelas | Low | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | > 119 | L3 Daphnia magna | Low | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 67.0 | F3 Americamysis bahia | Moderate | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | 0.013 | C4 Unknown species | Moderate | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | 0.01 | J4 Green algae, population study | Moderate | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 100 | L3 | Low | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | Harmless | Dose: 960 g ha-1 AA2 Typhlodromus pyri |
- | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | Harmless | Dose: 960 g ha-1 AA2 Chrysoperla carnea |
- | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for bromacil
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 1300 | L3 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 5000 | L3 Rabbit | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 5.6 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.13 | L3 | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | [LT TWA 8hr: 11 mg/m3 (1 ppm)], [ST 15 mins: 22 mg/m3 (2 ppm)] | MEL UK HSE | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
| Occupational | - | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
- |
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| General human health issues | May cause inflammation of the stomach and intestinal mucous membranes, gastroenteritis or liver damage | |||||||
: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
No information available | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | - | |||
| EC Risk Classification |
N - Dangerous for the environment: R50/53 | |||
| EC Safety Classification |
S2, S13, S20/21, S35, S46, S57 | |||
| WHO Classification | U | - | Unlikely to present an acute hazard | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | IV (solid), II (liquid) | - | Caution - Not acutely toxic, Warning - Moderately toxic | |
| UN Number | 3077 | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
Packging group III (minor danager) | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | bromacil |
| French | bromacil |
| German | Bromacil |
| Danish | bromacil |
| Italian | bromacile |
| Spanish | bromacilo |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | bromacil |
| Polish | bromacyl |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | - |
Record last updated: Thursday 03 March 2016
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk