Acephate |
![]() Last updated: 01/01/2021 |
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(Also known as: orthene) |
SUMMARY |
Acephate is an organophosphate insecticide that does not have approval for use in the EU. It is highly soluble in water and most organic solvents, and is volatile. It is not expected to leach to groundwater. Whilst it is mobile, it tends not to be persistence in soil or aquatic systems. It is moderately toxic to mammals and has a low potential for bioaccumulation. Acephate is also a recognised irritant. It is has a moderate to low toxicity to birds, honeybees, earthworms and most aquatic organisms. |
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An organophosphate insecticide used normally as a foliar spray to control chewing and sucking insects | |
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Aphids; Leaf miners; Lepidopterous larvae; Sawflies; Thrips | |
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Fruit; Vegetables; Potatoes; Sugarbeet; Vines; Rice; Hops; Ornamentals; Greenhouse crops including peppers, cucumbers | |
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Current | |
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circa 1970 |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Expired | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Italy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Also used in |
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Australia, USA |
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Chemical structure |
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Chiral, existing in the S- and R-forms | |
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C₄H₁₀NO₃PS | |
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CC(=O)NP(=O)(OC)SC | |
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No data | |
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YASYVMFAVPKPKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C4H10NO3PS/c1-4(6)5-9(7,8-2)10-3/h1-3H3,(H,5,6,7) | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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acephate | - | ![]() |
General status |
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Insecticide | |
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Organophosphate | |
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- | |
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Synthetic | |
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Broad-spectrum, contact and ingestion systemic action. Weak acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. | |
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30560-19-1 | |
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250-241-2 | |
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338 | |
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103301 | |
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1982 | |
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183.17 | |
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(E)-(O,S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate) | |
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(RS)-N-[methoxy(methylthio)phosphinoyl]acetamide | |
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O,S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate | |
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Potential groundwater contaminant; Chemical subject to PIC regulations | |
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- | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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1B | |
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Not applicable | |
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Adoxophyes orana,Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Phorodon humuli, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Lygus lineolaris, plus others | |
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Colourless/white solid | |
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Formulations |
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Usually supplied as a soluble powder or granules. |
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790000 | W4 W = French database provided by ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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151000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Acetone3 = Unverified data of known source |
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100000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Ethanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
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35000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Ethyl acetate3 = Unverified data of known source |
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100 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Hexane3 = Unverified data of known source |
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89 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Decomposes before boiling | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.41 X 10-01 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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-0.85 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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1.35 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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8.35 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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Weak acid | |||||||||||
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0.226 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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5.15 X 10-08 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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3 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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3 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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Best available data | ||||||||||
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4.8 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 0.7-8.5 days, 8 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=11 | ||||||||||
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5.8 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.0-12.4 days, 12 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=18 | ||||||||||
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2 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately fast | |||||||
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50 | CA3 CA = Medical and toxicological databases and information systems e.g. TOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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Hydrolysis data applies for pH range 5-7 | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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1.6 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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302 | ||||||||||
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Literature data: Kd range 0.54-4.98 mL g⁻¹, Koc range 24.4-545 mL g⁻¹, Soils = 19 | ||||||||||
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0.21 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Mobile | |||||||
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40.3 | ||||||||||
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1.81 | ||||||||||
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Literature data: Kf range 0.01-0.90 mL g⁻¹, Kfoc range 1.9-188 mL g⁻¹, 1.n range 1.43-2.08, Soils = 19 | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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1.14 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2.54 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Moderately mobile | Calculated | - |
Key metabolites |
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Soil | - | - |
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0.03 | J4 J = Pesticide Action Network database (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Low potential | |||||||
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Not available | - | |||||||||
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945 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.25 | L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
High | |||||||
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350 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Anas platyrhynchos3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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110 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Oncorhynchus mykiss3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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4.7 | F2 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Galaxias maculatus 20 day2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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67.2 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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43 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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7.3 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Americamysis bahia3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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980 | L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Unknown species2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Low | ||||||||
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1.78 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Apis mellifera3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | |||||||
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> 0.23 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Apis mellifera3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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3.99 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Bombus terrestris 72 hr3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | |||||||
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7.37 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Bombus terrestris 72 hr3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
Literature LD₅₀ varies 3.93-135.5 µg bee⁻¹ depending on test duration 24-72 hrs | |||||||||||
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> 22974 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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Harmful | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources Parasitoids2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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945 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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10000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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15.0 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.03 | F5 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) JMPR 20055 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.1 | F5 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) JMPR 20055 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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List I; List II | - | - | ||||||||
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Dermal route highest risk Minimal risk of dietary exposure Small risk of exposure in food and water from metabolite methamidophos Source: US EPA |
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Possible exposure via inhalation and dermal contact Source: US EPA |
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Health issues |
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USEPA - possible human carcinogen Endocrine issues - Disruption of hormone expression in the hypothalamus |
Handling issues |
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IMDG Transport Code is 6.1 | |||
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Health: H302 | |||
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Xn - Harmful: R22 | |||
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S2, S36 | |||
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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Active 2783, liquid products usually 3018 | |||
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acephate | ||
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acéphate | ||
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Acephat | ||
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acephat | ||
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acefate | ||
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acefato | ||
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acefat | ||
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acefat | ||
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Record last updated: | 01/01/2021 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |