Ivermectin |
![]() Last updated: 31/08/2023 |
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(Also known as: 22,23-dihyroavermectin B1) |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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![]() Significant data are missing |
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An antiparasitic medication, traditionally used against worms (except tapeworms) but more recently found to be effective against many species of mites and lice | |
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mid 1980s, introduced as an anthelmintic. | |
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Cattle, Pigs, Sheep, Horses |
Chemical structure |
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Chiral molecules. Technical substance contains a mixture of 90% of 5-O-demethyl-22,23-dihydroavermectin A1b (B1a) and about 10% of 5-O-demethyl-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-22,23-dihydro 25–(1-methylethyl)avermectin (B1b) | |
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C₄₈H₇₄O₁₄ + C₄₇H₇₂O₁₄ | |
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CCC(C)C1C(CCC2(O1)CC3CC(O2)CC=C(C(C(C=CC=C4COC5C4(C(C=C(C5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)OC6CC(C(C(O6)C)OC7CC(C(C(O7)C)O)OC)OC)C)C | |
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CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1[C@H](CC[C@@]2(O1)C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)\C)C | |
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AZSNMRSAGSSBNP-XPNPUAGNSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C48H74O14.C47H72O14/c1-11-25(2)43-28(5)17-18-47(62-43)23-34-20-33(61-47)16-15-27(4)42(26(3)13-12-14-32-24-55-45-40(49)29(6)19-35(46(51)58-34)48(32,45)52)59-39-22-37(54-10)44(31(8)57-39)60-38-21-36(53-9)41(50)30(7)56-38;1-24(2)41-27(5)16-17-46(61-41)22-33-19-32(60-46)15-14-26(4)42(25(3)12-11-13-31-23-54-44-39(48)28(6)18-34(45(50)57-33)47(31,44)51)58-38-21-36(53-10)43(30(8)56-38)59-37-20-35(52-9)40(49)29(7)55-37/h12-15,19,25-26,28,30-31,33-45,49-50,52H,11,16-18,20-24H2,1-10H3;11-14,18,24-25,27,29-30,32-44,48-49,51H,15-17,19-23H2,1-10H3/b13-12+,27-15+,32-14+;12-11+,26-14+,31-13+/t25-,26+,28+,30+,31+,33-,34?,35+,36+,37+,38?,39+,40-,41+,42+,43-,44+,45-,47-,48-;25-,27-,29-,30-,32+,33?,34-,35-,36-,37?,38-,39+,40-,41+,42-,43-,44+,46+,47+/m10/s1 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Insecticide, Acaricide, Antihelmintic | |
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Avermectin | |
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Semi-synthetic | |
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Broad spectrum, Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulator. Induces flaccid paralysis in parasitic nematodes, in vitro. | |
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[Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3, agonist], [Gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) receptor subunit beta-3, agonist] | |
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70288-86-7 | |
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71827-03-7 | |
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274-536-0 | |
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QP54AA01; QS02QA03 | |
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Antiparasitic products, insecticides & repellents: Endectocides; Sensory organs: Otologicals | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: Mammalian food species) | |
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861.1 | |
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ivermectin (22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a + 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1b) | |
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ivermectin | |
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UK Environment Agency non-statutory standard for the protection of aquatic life in fresh surface water: 0.0001 µg l⁻¹ as annual average, 0.001 µg l⁻¹ as max acceptable conc. UK Environment Agency non-statutory standard for the protection of aquatic life in salt water: 0.001 µg l⁻¹ as annual average, 0.01 µg l⁻¹ as max acceptable conc. |
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Off-white coloured, slightly hydroscopic powdery solid | |
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Formulations |
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Alstomec 1% injection for Cattle & Pigs | Alstoe Animal Health | UK National authorisation (IC) | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by suitably qualified person (POM-VPS) | ||||||
Animec 0.8mg/l Oral Solution for Sheep | Chanelle Pharmaceuticals | EU Mutually recognised procedure | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by suitably qualified person (POM-VPS) | |||||||
Bimectin Oral Suspension | Cross Vetpharm Group | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by suitably qualified person (POM-VPS) | |||||||
Enovex 0.5% Pour-on Solution for Cattle | Norbrooks Labs | UK National authorisation (IC) | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by suitably qualified person (POM-VPS) | |||||||
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Available in a variety of foumulations including solution for injection and pour-on solutions |
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4.0 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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30000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Butanol4 = Verified data |
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155 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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In methanol: 238nm = 27100, 245nm = 30100 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Degradation |
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112 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Persistent | |||||||
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General literature states DT₅₀ range 7 to 240 days | ||||||||||
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>45 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Other data; DT₅₀ 6 days in dung; 7-14 days soil/faeces mix in summer4 = Verified data |
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1 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Moderately fast | |||||||
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DT₅₀ range 12hrs to 39hrs, temp dependent | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Non-mobile | |||||||
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14150 | ||||||||||
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Koc range 12600-15700 mL g⁻¹ | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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-0.31 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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29.5 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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315 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Eisenia foetida 28 day3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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12 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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3.0 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Oncorhynchus mykiss4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.000025 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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< 0.001 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Chlorella pyrenoidosa 14 day3 = Unverified data of known source |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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29.5 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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660 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 55 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intravenous TDLo = 0.571 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Human3 = Unverified data of known source |
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May be absorbed through the skin | ||||||||||
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Ivermectin excreted in faeces of treated cattle with little metabolism | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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Health issues |
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May cause swollen lymph glands, dizziness, hypotension, fever and myalgia Posible liver toxicant |
Handling issues |
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No information available | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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ivermectin | ||
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ivermectine | ||
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ivermectino | ||
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Record last updated: | 31/08/2023 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |