Enrofloxacin (Ref: BAY VP 2674)	Last updated: 14/04/2021
(Also known as: BRN 5307824)

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Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Persistent; Potential for particle bound transport: High	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate Warning: Significant data are missing	Human health Moderate alert: Possible Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description	A broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic used to treat domesticated animals for a variety of infections including E.coli., Enterobacter, Campylobacter, Shigella and Salmonella
Availability status	-
Introduction & key dates	-
Examples of species treated	Domestic animals including: Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, Horses. May also be used on Reptiles, Poultry and Cattle.

Chemical structure

Isomerism	-
Chemical formula	C₁₉H₂₂FN₃O₃
Canonical SMILES	CCN1CCN(CC1)C2=C(C=C3C(=C2)N(C=C(C3=O)C(=O)O)C4CC4)F
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	SPFYMRJSYKOXGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C19H22FN3O3/c1-2-21-5-7-22(8-6-21)17-10-16-13(9-15(17)20)18(24)14(19(25)26)11-23(16)12-3-4-12/h9-12H,2-8H2,1H3,(H,25,26)
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
enrofloxacin	-

General status

Veterinary substance type	Antibiotic, Chemotherapeutic agent, Medicinal drug, Bactericide
Substance groups	Fluoroquinolone
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Not clear but believed to act by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase
Molecular targets	[DNA gyrase subunit A, antagonist], [DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha, antagonist]
CAS RN	93106-60-6
EC number	-
CIPAC number	-
US EPA chemical code	-
PubChem CID	-
ATCvet Code	QJ01MA90
Therapeutic Class	Antiinfectants for systemic use: Antibacterials for systemic use
Controlled Drug?	No
Regulation 37/2010 MRL Classification	Allowed substance (Table 1: All food producing species)
Molecular mass	359.4
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	-
IUPAC name	1,4-dihydro-1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
CAS name	1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
Other status information	-
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Physical state	Pale yellow crystalline powder
Related substances & organisms	orbifloxacin ciprofloxacin marbofloxacin

Formulations

Property	Product	Manufacturer	Authorisation Route	UK Legal Class
Example products using this active	Baytril 10% Oral Solution	Bayer plc	UK National authorisation	Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V)
	Enrocare 100mg/ml Solution for Injection for Cattle and Pigs	LeVet Pharma B.V.	EU Mutually recognised procedure	Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V)
	Enrox Flavour 15mg Tablets for Dogs & Cats	KrKa Dd	EU Mutually recognised procedure	Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V)
	Xeden 15mg Tablets for Cats	Sogeval S.A.	EU Mutually recognised procedure	Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V)
Formulation and application details	Available in a variety of forumulations including solution for injection, powders and tablets

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		130000	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	High
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Melting point (°C)		220	V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Boiling point (°C)		-	-	-
Degradation point (°C)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (°C)		-	-	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C	P	5.01 X 1004	Calculated	-
	Log P	4.7	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	High
Fat solubility of residues	Solubility	-	-	-
	Data type	-	-	-
Density (g ml⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C		6.21	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	-
		-
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)		2.53 X 10-08	V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)		3.2 X 10-08	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	Non-volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹		Max @ 270+1nm and 314+2nm	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)		-	-	-
Refractive Index		-	-	-

Degradation

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT₅₀ (typical)	123	A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data	Persistent
	DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)	297	A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data	Persistent
	DT₅₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (field)	-	-	-
	Note	DT₅₀ range 99-149 days, DT₉₀ range 330-495 days; Industry data DT₅₀ 359-696 days (R3)
Manure DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	Non-mobile
	Koc	392600
	Notes and range	Koc range 16506-768740 mL g⁻¹
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

Fate indices

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index		-3.94	Calculated	Low leachability
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	CT₅₀ (days)	-		-

Known soil and groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference	Aliases	Formation medium / Rate	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Metabolising enzymes
ciprofloxacin (Ref: BRN 3568352)	-	Animal (Urine and faecal)	-	-
enrofloxacin amide	-	Animal (Urine and faecal)	-	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 5000	Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	(ppm diet)	-		-
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)		-	-	-
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Collembola	Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)		-	-	-
Beneficial insects (Lacewings)		-	-	-
Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)		-	-	-
Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)		-	-	-
Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)		-	-	-

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		> 10	E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source Lepomis macrochirus	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		~ 1	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Pimephales promelas 7 day	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		> 100	E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source Daphnia magna	Low
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		~ 1.0	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Daphnia magna 48hr	Moderate
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)		> 0.084	F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data Lemna gibba	Moderate
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)		> 2.6	F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 5000	Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	Low
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)		2000	Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		> 35.47	Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat 4 hr	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		Intravenous LD₅₀ = 200 mg kg⁻¹	V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Mouse	-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	-
	Occupational	-
Mammalian dose elimination route and rate		Eliminated by both renal and hepatic metabolism	Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-

Health issues

Specific human health issues		Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disruptor XNo, known not to cause a problem A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative XNo, known not to cause a problem Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant ?Possibly, status not identified No data found XNo, known not to cause a problem Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser No data found XNo, known not to cause a problem No data found Eye irritant Phototoxicant   ✓Yes, known to cause a problem No data found
General human health issues		May cause gastrointestinal disturbances

Handling issues

Property	Value and interpretation
General	Light sensitive
CLP classification 2013	-
WHO Classification	None - not a ppp
UN Number	-
Waste disposal & packaging	-

TRANSLATIONS

Language	Name
English	enrofloxacin
French	enrofloxacine
German	-
Danish	-
Italian	-
Spanish	enrofloxacino
Greek	-
Polish	-
Swedish	-
Hungarian	-
Dutch	-

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Record last updated:	14/04/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242