Olaquindox

Olaquindox	Last updated: 30/06/2022
(Also known as: olachindox)

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: GUS: Transition state; Drainflow: Moderately mobile	Ecotoxicity Low alert: Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Low Warning: Significant data are missing	Human health Moderate alert: Mammals acute toxicity: Moderate; Genotoxic Warning: Significant data are missing

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

Substance with antimicrobial properties and used as a growth promotor mainly for pigs

Availability status

Introduction & key dates

1976, first approval

Examples of species treated

Pigs, Cattle

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Chemical formula

C₁₂H₁₃N₃O₄

Canonical SMILES

CC1=C([N+](=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1[O-])C(=O)NCCO

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

TURHTASYUMWZCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C12H13N3O4/c1-8-11(12(17)13-6-7-16)15(19)10-5-3-2-4-9(10)14(8)18/h2-5,16H,6-7H2,1H3,(H,13,17)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
olaquindox	-

General status

Veterinary substance type

Antibiotic, Growth promoter, Performance enhancer, Feed additive

Substance groups

Quinolone

Minimum active substance purity

98%

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Uncertain but believed to act by suppressing gut bacterial growth

Molecular targets

CAS RN

23696-28-8

EC number

245-832-7

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

ATCvet Code

QJ01MQ01

Therapeutic Class

Antiinfectants for systemic use: Antibacterials for systemic use

Controlled Drug?

Regulation 37/2010 MRL Classification

No data

Molecular mass

263.25

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-4-oxido-1-oxoquinoxalin-1-ium-2-carboxamide

CAS name

N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxamide 1,4-dioxide

Other status information

Banned in EU as growth promotor; Evidence of use in third world countries; Not approved as a feed additive in EU

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Physical state

Pale yellow crystals

Related substances & organisms

carbadox

Formulations

Property

Product

Manufacturer

Authorisation Route

UK Legal Class

Example products using this active

None identified

No UK authorisation for use with animals

Not applicable

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as a feed pre-mix

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Melting point (°C)

202

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

7.41 X 10^-03

Calculated

Log P

-2.13

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.532

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

13.75

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Refractive Index

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

7.3

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

7.3

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

Note

DT₅₀ range 5.8-8.8 days

Manure DT₅₀ (days)

7.35

Soil-manure slurry

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

1.21

Moderately mobile

K_oc

Notes and range

Literature data K_d range 0.69-1.67 mL g⁻¹, K_oc range 46-116 mL g⁻¹, soils=4

Freundlich

K_f

1.04

Moderately mobile

K_foc

75.6

¹/_n

1.35

Notes and range

Literature data K_f range 0.84-1.20 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 56.0-95.5 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 1.25-1.49, Soils=4

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.83

Calculated

Transition state

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

CT₅₀ (days)

Known soil and groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Metabolising enzymes

3-methylquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid

MQCA

Animal

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1704

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 1000

Daphnia magna LOEC

Low

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Selenastrum capricornutum

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1704

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 1.75

Rat 4 hr

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Rapidly absorbed, metabolised and mostly excreted in the urine with lesser amounts in faeces and bile

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Genotoxic
A rodent tumorigen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Emits toxic vapors of NOx when heated to decomposition

CLP classification 2013

WHO Classification

Not listed (Not listed)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

olaquindox

French

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Italian

Spanish

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Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	30/06/2022
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242