Icaridin (Ref: KBR 3023)

Icaridin (Ref: KBR 3023)	Last updated: 17/01/2023
(Also known as: icaradine; picaradin; propidine; autan; hydroethyl isobutyl piperidine carboxylate)

SUMMARY

Icaridin is an insect repellant. It has a high aquatic solubility and is volatile. Data is limited regarding its environmental persistence. It has a relatively low mammalian toxicity and a high potential to bioaccumulate. It is is not highly toxic to birds or fish. There are gaps in ecotoxicology and environmental fate data.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Moderately mobile Warning: Significant data are missing	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Low alert

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An insect repellant used for both human and animal applications to control a broad spectrum of insect pests

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2001, USA first registered; 1998, first available Europe

Examples of species treated

Livestock

Chemical structure

Isomerism

A molecule with 2 chiral centres

Chemical formula

C₁₂H₂₃NO₃

Canonical SMILES

CCC(C)OC(=O)N1CCCCC1CCO

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

QLHULAHOXSSASE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C12H23NO3/c1-3-10(2)16-12(15)13-8-5-4-6-11(13)7-9-14/h10-11,14H,3-9H2,1-2H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Veterinary substance type

Insecticide

Substance groups

Piperidine compound

Minimum active substance purity

970 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

None declared by manufacturer; Chemistry suggests sec-butyl chloroformate & sec-butyl carbonic anhydride

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Topically applied, repellent. Odorant receptor. It has been proposed that icaridin may bind to odorant binding protein 1 (AgamOBP1).

Molecular targets

CAS RN

119515-38-7

EC number

423-210-8

CIPAC number

740

US EPA chemical code

070705

PubChem CID

125098

CLP index number

No data found

ATCvet Code

Therapeutic Class

Controlled Drug?

Regulation 37/2010 MRL Classification

Molecular mass

229.32

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

(RS)-sec-butyl (RS)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate

CAS name

1-methylpropyl 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Physical state

Colourless, odourless liquid

Formulations

Property

Product

Manufacturer

Authorisation Route

UK Legal Class

Example products using this active

Formulation and application details

Available in a variety of formulations including aerosol sprays, pump sprays and towelette wipes

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

8200

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Miscible

Propanol

Miscible

Ethanol

Melting point (°C)

-170

Freezing point

Boiling point (°C)

296

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

375

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.70 X 10⁰²

Calculated

Log P

2.23

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.04

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.034

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Refractive Index

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

Note

Manure DT₅₀ (days)

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable under normal environmental conditions

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Moderately mobile

K_oc

389

Notes and range

Estimated

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

1.8

(whole body)

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2236

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

100

Rat

Moderate

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

173

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Low

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

50.1

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Low

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

100

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

103

Daphnia magna

Low

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

71.5

Scenedemus subspicatus

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

54.8

Scenedesmus subspicatus

Low

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2236

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

5000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 4.36

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

No further information available

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising

CLP classification 2013

Not classified: Obsolete

WHO Classification

III/O (Slightly hazardous / Obsolete substance)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

icaridin

French

icaridin

German

Icaridin

Danish

icaridin

Italian

icaridin

Spanish

icaridin

Greek

Polish

ikarydyna

Swedish

icaridin

Hungarian

Dutch

Record last updated:	17/01/2023
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242