Pyrethrins (pyrethrin I) |
![]() Last updated: 25/07/2023 |
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(Also known as: pyrethum) |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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A non-persistent insecticide extracted from Pyrethrum used to control a variety of insect parasites | |
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Current | |
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circa 1930 | |
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Dogs, Cats, Horses |
Chemical structure |
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Pyrethrin-I is a complex molecule with three chiral centres. | |
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C₂₁H₂₈O₃ | |
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CC1=C(C(=O)CC1OC(=O)C2C(C2(C)C)C=C(C)C)CC=CC=C | |
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CC1=C(C(=O)C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](C2(C)C)C=C(C)C)C/C=C\C=C | |
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ROVGZAWFACYCSP-WIURDZCKSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C21H28O3/c1-7-8-9-10-15-14(4)18(12-17(15)22)24-20(23)19-16(11-13(2)3)21(19,5)6/h7-9,11,16,18-19H,1,10,12H2,2-6H3/b9-8+/t16-,18+,19+/m1/s1 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Insecticide, Antiparasitic | |
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Plant derived substance | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Natural | |
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Contact acting neurotoxins with repellent properties. Sodium channel modulator. | |
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- | |
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121-21-1 | |
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8003-34-7 | |
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204-455-8 | |
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32 | |
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069001 | |
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- | |
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QP53AC51 | |
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Antiparasitic Products, Insecticides and Repellents: Ectoparasiticides, Insecticides and Repellents | |
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No | |
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Allowable substance (Table 1: All food producing species) | |
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328.4 | |
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- | |
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(Z)-(S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-(penta-2,4-dienyl)cyclopent-2-enyl(1R)-trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate | |
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(1R-(1α(S(Z),3β)))-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-(2,4-pantadienyl)cyclopenten-1-yl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Viscous amber coloured liquid | |
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Formulations |
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Johnsons Dog Flea Shampoo | Johnsons Veterinary Products | UK National authorisation | Authorised veterinary medicine for general sale (AVM - GSL) | ||||||
Radiol Insecticidal Soapless Shampoo and Conditioner | Battle, Hayward & Bower Ltd | UK National authorisation (IC) | Authorised veterinary medicine for general sale (AVM - GSL) | |||||||
Armitage Pet Care Flea Spray for Cats | Armitage Bros PLC | UK National authorisation | Authorised veterinary medicine for general sale (AVM - GSL) | |||||||
Beaphar Ear Drops Solution | Johnsons Veterinary Products | UK National authorisation (IC) | Authorised veterinary medicine for general sale (AVM - GSL) | |||||||
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Available in a variety of formulations including ultra low-volume liquids and ready-to-use sprays for crop and public health applications and as powders, shampoos and impregnated collars for animals. |
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0.96 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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250000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) n-Heptane5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
250000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) p-Xylene5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
250000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Methane5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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250000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
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142 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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200 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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3.89 X 1005 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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5.59 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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- | - | - | |||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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0.85 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Not applicable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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No dissociation | |||||||||||
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3.13 X 10-02 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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2.96 X 10-01 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately volatile | ||||||||
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52.8 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) as pyrethrins4 = Verified data |
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Degradation |
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3.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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3.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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12 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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12.92 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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EU 2021 dossier lab studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range 2.5-4.69 days, DT₉₀ (measured) range 6.25-22.1 days, Soils=5 | ||||||||||
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0.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | |||||||
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Rapid | ||||||||||
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528 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Very persistent | |||||||
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3.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | ||||||||
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1.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately fast |
Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | H3 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-mobile | |||||||
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100000 | ||||||||||
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Literature data | ||||||||||
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298 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-mobile | |||||||
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24809 | ||||||||||
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0.952 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier data for pyrethrins Kf range 198-430 mL g⁻¹, kfoc range 12472-74175 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 0.907-1.10, Soils=4 | ||||||||||
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No |
Fate indices |
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-0.43 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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471 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Whole fish5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Threshold for concern | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not available | - |
Known soil metabolites |
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Minor fraction | 0.05 | - |
Known groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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hydroxy-chrysanthenic acid | - | Plant | - | - | |||||
dihydroxy-chrysanthenic acid | - | Plant | - | - | |||||
dicarboxylic-chrysanthenic acid | - | Plant; Humans (Urine) | - | - | |||||
aldehyde-chrysanthenic acid | - | Plant | - | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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700 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat as pyrethrins5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 51151 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Anas platyrhynchos as pyrethrins4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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23.7 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida corr4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.25 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida corr4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.013 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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Harmful | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Parasitic wasp2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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Harmless | AA2 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 Typhlodromus pyri2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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0.005 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss as pyrethrins4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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0.061 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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0.0014 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Americamysis bahia as pyrethrins4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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320 | S1 S = Expert judgement Unknown species1 = Estimated data with little or no verification |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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Intermediate (class II) | - | - | ||||||||
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700 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat as pyrethrins5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat as pyrethrins5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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3.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat 4 hr as pyrethrins5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 200 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat as pyrethrins3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.04 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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0.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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10 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) default5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Almost completely excreted within 72hrs | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Health issues |
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May cause dermatitis May cause gastointestinal problems Possible thyroid and liver toxicant |
Handling issues |
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Not explosive or oxidising IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9 Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable |
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Health: H332, H312, H302 Environment: H400, H410 |
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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UN3082 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
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pyrethrins (pyrethrin I) | ||
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pyrethrines | ||
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Pyrethrine | ||
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pyrethrin | ||
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piretrine | ||
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piretrina | ||
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pyretryny | ||
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pyretriner | ||
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pyrethrinen | ||
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Record last updated: | 25/07/2023 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |