Methyl isothiocyanate (Ref: SN-32866) |
Last updated: 23/08/2024 |
(Also known as: methyl mustard oil; MITC; isothiocyanic acid methyl ester; MIT; R014821) |
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A highly toxic multipurpose soil fumigant. Also a pesticide transformation product and used in the production of many pesticides and other chemicals. | |
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Approval status |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₂H₃NS | |
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CN=C=S | |
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LGDSHSYDSCRFAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C2H3NS/c1-3-2-4/h1H3 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Soil, Groundwater | |
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Fumigant pesticide | |
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Synthetic | |
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Fumigant with contact action | |
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556-61-6 | |
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209-132-5 | |
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None allocated | |
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068103 | |
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11167 | |
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615-002-00-2 | |
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73.11 | |
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methyl isothiocyanate | |
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isothiocyanatomethane | |
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Colourless crystalline solid |
Can be a metabolite of: |
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imazalil sulfate | Soil | - | Minor fraction | |||||
metam-potassium | Groundwater | - | Relevant | |||||
metam-potassium | Soil | 0.829 | Major fraction | |||||
metam-ammonium | Soil | 0.829 | Major fraction | |||||
metam-ammonium | Groundwater | - | Relevant | |||||
imazalil nitrate | Soil | - | Minor fraction | |||||
metam | Soil | 0.829 | Major fraction | |||||
metam | Groundwater | - | Relevant | |||||
metam-sodium | Soil | 0.829 | Major fraction | |||||
metam-sodium | Groundwater | - | Relevant | |||||
dazomet | Soil | 0.740 | Major fraction | |||||
dazomet | Groundwater | - | Relevancy unknown | |||||
imazalil | Soil | 0.096 | Minor fraction |
Formulations |
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8940 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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35 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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119 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.12 X 1001 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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1.05 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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1.07 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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12.3 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Strong base | |||||||||||
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1739000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable | ||||||||
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14.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately volatile | ||||||||
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Neutral soln: 235nm=635, 283nm=65, 321nm=17 Alkaline soln: 276nm=46, 320nm=5, 290nm=>10 Acidic soln: 235nm=635, 283nm=23, 290nm=>10 |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Degradation |
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2.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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2.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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3.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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6.99 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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13.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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EU dossier (2023 metam) lab studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range: 1.08-3.24 days, DT₉₀ (normalised) range 3.6-10.78 days Soils=4;Ffield studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range 1.2-5.0 days, DT₉₀ (measured) 4.1-16.5 days, Soils=4; EU dossier (dazomet) lab studies range 5-32.7 days; Other literature studies Lab range - 24 soils, nursery and forest, various app rates | ||||||||||
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6 | K2 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderately fast | |||||||
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50 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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pH sensitive. DT40 50 days at pH4, 11 days at pH9 | ||||||||||
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0.37 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | ||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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0.56 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Mobile | |||||||
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21.7 | ||||||||||
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0.86 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier (Metam, 2023) Kf range 0.21-1.38 mL g⁻¹, Kfoc range 9.0-71.7 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 0.755-9.1, Soils=10 | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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1.35 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2.6 | K2 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) Estimated2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Low potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not available | - |
Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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127 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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4.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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0.0531 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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0.005 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss 28 day5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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0.137 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio Embryo3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.076 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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0.00625 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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0.59 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Lemna gibba5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.58 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 0.125 | L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Unknown species2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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1290 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rabbit5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.54 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat 4 hr (whole body)5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.004 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Dog SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.03 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.004 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rabbit SF=3005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.004 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Dog. SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Some bystander risk identified via spray drift exposure | |||||||||
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May be fatal if absorbed through the skin Respiratory equipment required to mitigate risk Risks identified in glasshouse environments |
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80-85% excreted with urine within approx. 80 hrs | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Health issues |
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Highly toxic by ingestion Harmful via skin exposure and inhalation Possible thyroid toxicant US EPA - probable human carcinogen, CLP data - suspected carcinogen |
Handling issues |
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Corrosive Not explosive or oxidising |
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Health: H301, H312, H314; H317; H335, H351, H372 Environment: H400, H410 |
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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methyl isothiocyanate | ||
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isothiocyanate de methyle | ||
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Methylisothiocyanat | ||
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methylisothiocyanat | ||
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Isotiocianato di metile | ||
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isotiocianato de metilo | ||
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metyloizotiocyjanian | ||
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methylisothiocyanaat | ||
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Record last updated: | 23/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |