Diafenthiuron (Ref: CGA 106630)

Diafenthiuron (Ref: CGA 106630)	Last updated: 16/05/2024
(Also known as: CG 167; CGA 106630 )

SUMMARY

Diafenthiuron is an insecticide and acaricide. It has a low aqueous solubility but is readily soluble in many organic solvents. It is volatile and, based on its chemical properties, it is unlikely to leach to groundwater. It is not persistent in most soil systems but may be very persistent in aquatic systems. It has a low mammalian toxicity but is moderate to highly toxic for most biodiversity including aquatic life, bees and worms.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Low alert: GUS: Low leachability; Drainflow: Non-mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Low Warning: Significant data are missing	Ecotoxicity High alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: High	Human health Low alert Warning: Significant data are missing

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An insecticide and acaricide effective against phytophagous mites and other sucking pests

Example pests controlled

Aphids; Whiteflies; Spidermites; Diamondback moth; thrips; Jassids

Example applications

Cotton; Fruit trees; Ornamentals; Soybeans

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1988, first reported; 1990, first marketed

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Not applicable

GB LERAP status

No UK approval for use as a pesticide

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Not applicable

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Not applicable

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia, Asia Pacific, Latin America

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₂₃H₃₂N₂OS

Canonical SMILES

CC(C)C1=CC(=CC(=C1NC(=S)NC(C)(C)C)C(C)C)OC2=CC=CC=C2

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

WOWBFOBYOAGEEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C23H32N2OS/c1-15(2)19-13-18(26-17-11-9-8-10-12-17)14-20(16(3)4)21(19)24-22(27)25-23(5,6)7/h8-16H,1-7H3,(H2,24,25,27)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
diafenthiuron	-

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide, Acaricide, Miticide

Substance groups

Thiourea insecticide; Urea insecticide; Thiourea acaricide; Urea acaricide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Broad spectrum, contact and stomach action with some ovicidal activity, acts by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase.

CAS RN

80060-09-9

EC number

616-885-7

CIPAC number

8097

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

3034380

CLP index number

No data found

Molecular mass

384.58

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

N-tert-butyl-N'-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)-4-phenoxyphenyl]carbonothioic diamide

IUPAC name

1-tert-butyl-3-(2,6-diisopropyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)thiourea

CAS name

N-(2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N'-(1,1-dimethylethyl)thiourea

Other status information

PAN Listed as Highly Hazardous Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

12A

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

None identified

Physical state

White powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Syngenta
Nanjing Essence Fine-Chemicals Co. Ltd
Shandong Rainbow International Co Ltd
OzCrop Pty Ltd

Example products using this active

Ferna
Pegasus
Polo
Diafuron Miticide
OzCrop Diafenthiuron 500SC

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as suspension concentrates or wettable powders

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

0.06

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

43000

Ethanol

320000

Acetone

33000

Toluene

9600

n-Hexane

Melting point (°C)

146

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

5.75 X 10⁰⁵

Calculated

Log P

5.76

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.09

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.002

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

1.28 X 10^-02

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

0.5

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Best available data suggests DT₅₀ 1 hour to 1.5 days (Z3)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

3.1

Note

Chinese cabbage leaves, undercover, n=1

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

3.0

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 2.4-4.3 days, 3.0 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=3

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Stable to UV light

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

pH variable: 4 years at pH 5, 451 days at pH 7, 796 days at pH 9, all at 20 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

Non-mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

43546

Notes and range

Estimated

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.19

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

5.35 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g⁻¹ are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Non-mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

CT₅₀ (days)

Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2068

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1500

Anas platyrhynchos

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1000

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

1.5

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

2.1

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Moderately harmful at dose 500 g ha⁻¹

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Harmless at dose 500 g ha⁻¹

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.0007

Oncorhynchus mykiss

High

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.5

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2068

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.558

Rat 4 hr

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

Acute percutaneous LD₅₀ > 2000 mg kg⁻¹

Rat

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

PPC/PPE required to mitigate exposure risks

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Toxic if swallowed or inhaled
Probable kidney toxicant

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Non-corrosive
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H373, H370, H330, H319, H302
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

III (Slightly hazardous)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

diafenthiuron

French

diafenthiuron

German

Diafenthiuron

Danish

diafenthiuron

Italian

diafentiuron

Spanish

diafentiuron

Greek

Polish

diafentiuron

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	16/05/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242