Pyrimethanil (Ref: SN 100309)

Pyrimethanil (Ref: SN 100309)	Last updated: 23/08/2024
(Also known as: ZK 100309)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Moderately persistent; GUS: Transition state; Drainflow: Moderately mobile	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Possible Carcinogen; Endocrine disrupter; Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A fungicide used to control fungal pathogens on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals

Example pests controlled

Grey mould; Powdery mildew; Scab; Downym mildew; Phomopis leaf spot; Botrytis

Example applications

Almonds; Pistachios; Fruit including grapes, stone fruits (except cherries), pome fruits, strawberries; Potatoes and other tuberous and corm vegetables; Tomatoes.; ornamentals

Efficacy & activity

Efficiacy demonstrated via field trials and extensive use

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1998, registered USA

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

30/04/2029

GB LERAP status

Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Czech Republic/Austria

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

15/03/2025

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway
	✓

Additional information

Also used in

Australia, Morocco

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₂H₁₃N₃

Canonical SMILES

CC1=CC(=NC(=N1)NC2=CC=CC=C2)C

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

ZLIBICFPKPWGIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C12H13N3/c1-9-8-10(2)14-12(13-9)15-11-6-4-3-5-7-11/h3-8H,1-2H3,(H,13,14,15)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
pyrimethanil	-
pyrimethanil	-

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide

Substance groups

Anilinopyrimidine fungicide

Minimum active substance purity

975 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - cyanamide <0.5g kg⁻¹

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Protective action with some curative properties. Inhibits methionine protein synthesis.

CAS RN

53112-28-0

EC number

414-220-3

CIPAC number

714

US EPA chemical code

288201

PubChem CID

91650

CLP index number

612-240-00-9

Molecular mass

199.28

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)aniline

CAS name

4,6-dimethyl-N-phenyl-2-pyrimidinamine

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White to off-white crystalline powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

BASF

Example products using this active

Scala
Walabi
Botrynil

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as a soluble concentrate that is mixed with water and used as a spray

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

110

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

23700

n-Hexane

412300

Toluene

388800

Acetone

616900

Ethyl acetate

Melting point (°C)

96.3

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

189.9

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

6.92 X 10⁰²

Calculated

Log P

2.84

Moderate

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Insoluble

Data type

Regulatory data

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.19

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

3.52

Weak base

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

1.1

Low volatility. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

2.2 X 10^-03

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

24 hr

Volatilisation is potentially a concern for short and long range air transport

From soil surface

24 hr

Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Neutral solution: 205nm = 16280, 211nm = 13450, 229nm = 4870, 271nm = 27200
Acidic solution: 205nm = 16450, 245nm = 12260, 260nm = 14620, 317nm = 5300

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

63.31

at 20°C 0.1 g l⁻¹

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

50.9

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

50.9

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

31.4

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

254.1

Persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

143.9

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

44.4

normalised geometric mean

Note

EU 2017 dossier lab studies DT₅₀ (actual) range 26.8-71.8 days, DT₉₀ (actual) range 89.1-377.1 days, Soils=4; Field studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range 5.3-34.5 days, DT₉₀ (actual) range 59.4-143.9 days, Soils=10

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

6.4

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 2.7-12.0 days, 3 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=5

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

14.3

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 3.0-57.0 days, 6 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=13

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Not significant degradation route

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 5 to pH 9 at 22 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

81.0

Moderately fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

6.7

Moderately fast

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

[Pear homogenate: No observed residue decay @ <=20 DegC after 7 days; Lab study], [Waxed apples: No observed residue decay after 40 days @ 18-25 DegC, shady conditions; Field study]

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

8.38

Moderately mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

355.7

¹/_n

0.864

Notes and range

EU 2017 dossier kf range 2.51-23.44 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 75-751 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.833-0.907, Soils=9

pH sensitivity

None

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

2.17

Calculated

Transition state

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

9.13 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

0.641

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low risk

Based on LogP < 3

Low risk

CT₅₀ (days)

No data

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (Ref: AE-F1312593)

Major fraction

0.115

2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

(2-(4-hydroxyanilino)-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine

Animal

2-anilino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-5-ol

Animal

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

4150

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

> 139

Rat

Moderate

(ppm diet)

> 900

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

> 239

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

Low

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Anas platyrhynchos

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 5200 mg kg feed⁻¹

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

95.96

Colinus virginianus NOEL

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

313

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

4.12

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect [Dose: 1.08 mg kg⁻¹ soil]
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect [Dose: 10.8 mg kg⁻¹ soil]

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

23.19

Folsomia candida corr

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic as 10-day LDD₅₀ µg bee⁻¹ day⁻¹

55.6

Apis mellifera

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 400

Bombus terrestris

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 579.7

Bombus terrestris

Low

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds) as Mortality g ha⁻¹

< 1.0

Coccinella septempunctata/i>

Beneficial insects (Lacewings) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 1.0

Chrysoperla carnea

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

< 1000

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

< 2210

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 1200

Poecilus cupreus

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

10.56

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

1.6

Oncorhynchus mykiss LOEC

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 1.44

Danio rerio

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

2.9

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.94

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

4.0

Chironomus riparius

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

7.8

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

1.2

Raphidocelis subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

4150

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

5000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 1.98

Rat 4 hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.17

Rat SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.12

Dermal penetration studies (%)

1.0-46.0

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified

Occupational

No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Extensively metabolised, rapidly excreted mainly via the urine within 24 hrs

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

General human health issues

Possible liver, kidney, adrenals, bladder and thyroid toxicant
US EPA - possible human carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1

CLP classification 2013

Environment: H411

WHO Classification

III (Slightly hazardous)

UN Number

UN3082

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

pyrimethanil

French

pyrimethanil

German

Pyrimethanil

Danish

pyrimethanil

Italian

pirimetanil

Spanish

pirimetanil

Greek

Polish

pyrimetanil

Swedish

pyrimetanil

Hungarian

pirimetanil

Dutch

pyrimethanil

Norwegian

pyrimetanil

Record last updated:	23/08/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242