Dicrotophos (Ref: OMS 253)

Dicrotophos (Ref: OMS 253)	Last updated: 11/01/2021
(Also known as: ENT 24482; SD 3546; carbomicron ; dicrotofos; C709)

SUMMARY

Dicrotofos is an organophosphate insecticide that is not approved for use in the EU. It has a high aqueous solubility, quite volatile and, based on its chemical properties, it may leach to groundwater. It is not usually persistent in soils. It is highly toxic to mammals and has a low tendency to bioaccumulate. Dicrotofos is also an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor. It has a highly toxicity to most biodiversity including honeybees and earthworms. However, it appears to be slightly less toxic to fish.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: GUS: High leachability Warning: Significant data are missing	Ecotoxicity High alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: High; Bees acute oral ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Mammals acute toxicity: High; Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An insecticide used to control sucking and chewing pests, boring insects and mites

Example pests controlled

Aphids; Thrips; Spider mites; Fleahoppers; Sink bugs; Lygus bugs; Caterpillars; Boll weevils; Elm bark bettle

Example applications

Coffee; Cotton; Rice; Pecans; Non-food producing and ornamental trees

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

circa 1965

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Not applicable

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Isomeric existing in the E- and Z-forms. The E-isomer is more insecticidally active than the Z-isomer.

Chemical formula

C₈H₁₆NO₅P

Canonical SMILES

CC(=CC(=O)N(C)C)OP(=O)(OC)OC

Isomeric SMILES

O=P(O/C(=C/C(=O)N(C)C)C)(OC)OC

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

VEENJGZXVHKXNB-VOTSOKGWSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C8H16NO5P/c1-7(6-8(10)9(2)3)14-15(11,12-4)13-5/h6H,1-5H3/b7-6+

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide, Acaricide

Substance group

Organophosphate

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Systemic with contact and stomach action. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.

CAS RN

141-66-2

EC number

205-494-3

CIPAC number

299

US EPA chemical code

035201

PubChem CID

5371560

Molecular mass

237.19

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

(2E)-4-(dimethylamino)-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl dimethyl phosphate

IUPAC name

(E)-2-dimethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate

CAS name

(1E)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl dimethyl phosphate

Other status information

Potential groundwater pollutant; Marine Pollutant

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Leucoptera meyricki, Lygus lineolaris, Panonychus ulmi, Psylla pyricola, Bemisia tabaci, Boophilus microplus, many others

Physical state

Yellow brown liquid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Carbicron
Ektafos
Carbomicron
Bidrin
Diapadrin

Example products using this active

Amvac Chemical Co
Shell
Ciba-Geigy
Kenogard

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as a water soluble concentrate or ULV spray.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

1000000

at 25 °C

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Miscible

Acetone

Miscible

Xylene

Miscible

Dichloromethane

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

3.16 X 10^-01

Calculated

Log P

-0.5

Low

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

1.22

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

9.3

Moderately volatile

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

5.10 X 10^-06

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Best available data

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

1.0

Note

Cotton leaves, n=1

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Moderately mobile

K_oc

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

3.08

Calculated

High leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

2.83 X 10^-01

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Key metabolites

Metabolite

Formation medium

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

1107/2009 relevancy

butanamide

Soil

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Estimated

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

High

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

0.05

Rat 2 year

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

9.63

Anas platyrhynchos

High

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

6.3

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.013

Daphnia magna

High

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.00099

Daphnia magna

High

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.077

Americamysis bahia

High

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

0.068

High

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

0.0003

Megachile rotundata

High

Mode of exposure

Contact

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

0.685

Trigona spinipes

High

Mode of exposure

Contact

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Soil micro-organisms

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

High

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

110

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.09

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List I; List II

Exposure Routes

Public

Low risk to Europeans as no longer approved for use

Occupational

Rapidly absorbed through the skin, PPE/PPC essential

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Toxic if ingested, inhaled or by skin contact

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

No information available

CLP classification 2013

Health: H300, H311
Environment: H400, H410

EC Risk Classification

T+ - Very toxic: R28
T - Toxic: R24
N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53

EC Safety Classification

S1/2, S28, S36/37, S45, S60, S61

WHO Classification

Ib (Highly hazardous / Highly hazardous)

UN Number

3018

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

dicrotophos

French

dicrotophos

German

Dicrotophos

Danish

dicrotophos

Italian

dicrotofos

Spanish

dicrotofos

Greek

dicrotophos

Polish

dikrotofos

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

dicrotofos

Record last updated:	11/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242