Diphacinone

Diphacinone	Last updated: 17/01/2021
(Also known as: diphacin; diphenadione)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Persistent	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health High alert: Mammals acute toxicity: High

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An anticoagulant rodenticide

Example pests controlled

Rats; Mice; Voles; Squirrels; Other small rodents

Example applications

Rats; Mice; Voles; Squirrels; Other small rodents

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

circa 1952

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Not applicable

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Also used in

Australia, USA

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Chemical formula

C₂₃H₁₆O₃

Canonical SMILES

C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)C3C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

JYGLAHSAISAEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C23H16O3/c24-21-17-13-7-8-14-18(17)22(25)20(21)23(26)19(15-9-3-1-4-10-15)16-11-5-2-6-12-16/h1-14,19-20H

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Rodenticide

Substance group

Indandione anticoagulant

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Anti-coagulant with longer activity than warfarin

CAS RN

82-66-6

EC number

201-434-5

CIPAC number

131

US EPA chemical code

067701

PubChem CID

6719

Molecular mass

340.37

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

2-(diphenylacetyl)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione

IUPAC name

2-(diphenylacetyl)indan-1,3-dione

CAS name

2-(diphenylacetyl)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione

Other status information

Marine Pollutant

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Pale yellow powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Ratindan
Diphacine
Ditrac
Gold crest
Kill-Ko
Ramik

Example products using this active

velsicol
Bell laboratories

Formulation and application details

Available in a wide variety of formulations including meal, pellet, wax block, liquid bait and concentrate formulations.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

0.3

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

22900

Acetone

16800

Ethanol

1224

Heptane

43000

Xylene

Melting point (°C)

146

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

7.08 X 10⁰⁴

Calculated

Log P

4.85

High

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

1.28

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

Acidic

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

1.37 X 10^-05

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

1.55 X 10^-05

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

102

Persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Best available data - literature variable DT₅₀ 1-150 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Slightly mobile

K_oc

2255

Notes and range

Other data source: 5477 mL g⁻¹ (US3)

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.30

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

3.11 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

CT₅₀ (days)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2.3

Rat

High

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

0.1

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

3158

Anas platyrhynchos

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

2.8

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

1.8

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Soil micro-organisms

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2.3

Rat

High

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

200

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

2.0

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Highly toxic
Anticoagulant

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

No information available

CLP classification 2013

Health: H300, H372

EC Risk Classification

T+ - Very toxic: R28
T - Toxic: R48/23/24/25

EC Safety Classification

S1/2, S36/37, S45

WHO Classification

Ia (Extremely hazardous)

UN Number

2588

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

diphacinone

French

diphacinone

German

Diphacinon

Danish

diphacinon

Italian

difacinone

Spanish

difacinone

Greek

diphacinone

Polish

difacynon

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

difacinon

Record last updated:	17/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242