| diphacinone |
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Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health - A to Z Index - Home
GENERAL INFORMATION 
for diphacinone
Description: An anticoagulant rodenticide
Example pests controlled: Rats; Mice; Voles; Squirrels; Other small rodents
Example applications: Rats; Mice; Voles; Squirrels; Other small rodents
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: circa 1952
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Not applicable |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | - |
| Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: Australia, USA
Chemical structure:
| Isomerism | - |
| Chemical formula | C23H16O3 |
| Canonical SMILES | C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)C3C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O |
| Isomeric SMILES | No data |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | JYGLAHSAISAEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C23H16O3/c24-21-17-13-7-8-14-18(17)22(25)20(21)23(26)19(15-9-3-1-4-10-15)16-11-5-2-6-12-16/h1-14,19-20H |
| 2D structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
General status:
| Pesticide type | Rodenticide | |||
| Substance group | Indandione anticoagulant | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | - | |||
| Known relevant impurities | - | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Anti-coagulant with longer activity than warfarin | |||
| CAS RN | 82-66-6 | |||
| EC number | 201-434-5 | |||
| CIPAC number | 131 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 067701 | |||
| PubChem CID | 6719 | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 340.37 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | 2-(diphenylacetyl)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione | |||
| IUPAC name | 2-(diphenylacetyl)indan-1,3-dione | |||
| CAS name | 2-(diphenylacetyl)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione | |||
| Other status information | Marine Pollutant | |||
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | - | |||
| Physical state | Pale yellow powder | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use as a pesticide under EC Regulation 1107/2009 | |||
| Formulation and application details | Available in a wide variety of formulations including meal, pellet, wax block, liquid bait and concentrate formulations. . | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for diphacinone
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 0.3 | C4 | Low | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 22900 | C4 - Acetone | - | |
| 16800 | C4 - Ethanol | - | ||
| 1224 | C4 - Heptane | - | ||
| 43000 | C4 - Xylene | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 146 | L3 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 7.08 X 1004 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 4.85 | V3 | High | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.28 | L3 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | Not applicable | L3 | - | |
| Note: Acidic | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) | 1.37 X 10-05 | L3 | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 1.55 X 10-05 | L3 | Non-volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
1.30 | Calculated | Low leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 3.11 X 10-02 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Medium | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 5 | S1 | Non-persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 (field) | 102 | F3 | Persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | Best available data - literature variable DT50 1-150 days | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | Stable | C4 | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | S3 | Slightly mobile |
| Koc | 2255 | |||
| Notes and range | Other data source: 5477 mL/g (US3) | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | - | - | - |
| CT50 (days) | - | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 2.3 | F4 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | L2 | - |
| (ppm diet) | 0.1 | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | 3158 | L3 Anas platyrhynchos | Low | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 2.8 | F4 Oncorhynchus mykiss | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 1.8 | J4 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees (Apis spp.) | Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Unknown mode acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) | Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| - | ||||
| Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| - | ||||
| Mason bees (Osmia spp.) | Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other pollinators (1) | Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1) | - | - | - |
| Mode of exposure | - | |||
| Other pollinators (2) | Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1) | - | - | - |
| Mode of exposure | - | |||
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms | Acute LC50 (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | Chronic NOEC (mg kg-1) | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for diphacinone
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 2.3 | F4 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | 200 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 2.0 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
| Occupational | - | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Genotoxic | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
|
A0; B0; C0; D0; E3 | - |
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | Highly toxic Anticoagulant |
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| Key: Genotoxicity A: Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) B: DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) C: Gene mutation (EFSA database) D: Genome mutation (EFSA database) E: Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0: No data 1: Positive 2: Mixed/ambiguous results 3: Negative |
Key: Other : Yes, known to cause a problem  : No, known not to cause a problem  : Possibly, status not identified - : No data found |
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Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
No information available | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H300, H372 | |||
| EC Risk Classification |
T+ - Very toxic: R28 T - Toxic: R48/23/24/25 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
S1/2, S36/37, S45 | |||
| WHO Classification | Ia | - | Extremely hazardous | |
| UN Number | 2588 | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | diphacinone |
| French | diphacinone |
| German | Diphacinon |
| Danish | diphacinon |
| Italian | difacinone |
| Spanish | difacinone |
| Greek | diphacinone |
| Slovenian | difacinon |
| Polish | difacynon |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | difacinon |
Record last updated: Wednesday 23 May 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk