p,p'-DDT ** clofenotane ** Translations

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SUMMARY

DDT is a banned organochlorine insecticide. It has a low aqueous solubility, is relatively volatile and has a low potential to leach to groundwater. It is highly persistent in soil and non-mobile. It is moderately toxic by the oral route in humans and other mammals but is a carcinogen and endocrine disrupter. It shows a high to moderate level of toxicity to most animals and insects although it is relatively non-toxic to birds.

GENERAL INFORMATION
for p,p'-DDT

Description: A major isomer of the obsolete and banned insecticide that was used to control insect vectors of disease, especially malaria

Example pests controlled: Mosquitoes; Houseflies; Body lice; Colarado beetles; Gypsy moths

Example applications: Agricultural crops; Domestic houses; Offices, commercial and industrial situations; Non-cropped sites including roads, rights-of-way; parkland

Efficacy & activity: Not applicable

Availability status: Obsolete, Banned

Introduction & key dates: 1944

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):

Status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Not applicable
Date inclusion expires	Not applicable
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	Not applicable
Listed in EU database	Yes as DDT

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries:

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Chemical structure:

Isomerism	A major isomer of DDT which is normally around 75-85% of the DDT isomeric mix.
Chemical formula	C14H9Cl5
Canonical SMILES	C1=CC(=CC=C1C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	YVGGHNCTFXOJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C14H9Cl5/c15-11-5-1-9(2-6-11)13(14(17,18)19)10-3-7-12(16)8-4-10/h1-8,13H
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams:

Common Name	Relationship	Link
DDT	Unstated isomer

General status:

Pesticide type	Insecticide
Substance group	Organochlorine
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Central nervous system stimulant. GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist.
CAS RN	50-29-3
EC number	200-024-3
CIPAC number	3
US EPA chemical code	-
PubChem CID	3036
Molecular mass (g mol-1)	354.49
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diyl)bis(4-chlorobenzene)
IUPAC name	1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane
CAS name	1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis(4-chlorobenzene)
Other status information	WFD priority substance; Subject to PIC regulations; POP - regulated by Stockholm Convention; LRTAP Annex I; PAN Dirty Dozen; OSPAR soc; Marine Pollutant; Rotterdam Convention (Class II)
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	EU Directive 2008/105/EC EQS for total DDT surface waters: annual average 0.025 ug/L UK statutory standard for protection of aquatic life for inland, coastal & territorial surface waters: 0.025 ug/L as annual mean conc
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	3
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	Wide variety of insects are resistant
Physical state	Colourless crystalline powder
Related substances & organisms	DDT o,p'-DDT o,o'-DDT

Formulations:

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Not applicable
Example products using this active	Genitox Anofex etoxan Neocid
UK LERAP status	No UK approval for use as a pesticide under EC Regulation 1107/2009
Formulation and application details	-

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for p,p'-DDT

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1)		0.025	R4 - at 25 DegC	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1)		58000	V3 - Acetone	-
		78000	V3 - Benzene	-
		42000	V3 - benzyl benzoate	-
Melting point (oC)		109	V3	-
Boiling point (oC)		Decomposes before boiling	R4	-
Degradation point (oC)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (oC)		162	V3 - (open cup)	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC	P	8.13 X 1006	Calculated	-
	Log P	6.91	R4	High
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity		-	-	-
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC		-	-	-
		Note:
Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa)		-	-	-
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1)		-	-	-
GUS leaching potential index		-3.89	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate	Value	5.35 X 10-03	Calculated	-
	Note	Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g-1 are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	Calculated	High
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m-1)		-	-	-

Degradation:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT50 (typical)	6200	V3 as DDT	Very persistent
	DT50 (lab at 20oC)	2000	A3 as DDT	Very persistent
	DT50 (field)	-	-	-
	DT90 (lab at 20oC)	-	-	-
	DT90 (field)	-	-	-
	DT50 modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	Best available data as DDT, PIC DGD; DT50; Other sources: DT50 3 months in tropical regions, 4-30 years temperate regions.
Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Water-sediment DT50 (days)		-	-	-
Water phase only DT50 (days)		-	-	-

Soil adsorption and mobility:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	G3	Non-mobile
	Koc	151000
	Notes and range	As DDT
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

Key metabolites:

Metabolite		Formation medium	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	1107/2009 relevancy
DDE (Ref: HSDB 1625)		Soil	-	Not assessed under 91/414 or 1107/2009
DDD (Ref: ENT 4225)		Soil	-	Not assessed under 91/414 or 1107/2009

ECOTOXICOLOGY
for p,p'-DDT

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg-1)	-	-	-
	CT50 (days)	-		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		250	V3 Rat	Moderate
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg-1)	-	-	-
	(ppm diet)	-		-
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 2240	G4 Anas platyrhynchos as DDT	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50)		-	-	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		> 2.5	F4 Oncorhynchus mykiss as DDT	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1)		> 0.005	J4 Daphnia magna as DDT	High
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
	Unknown mode acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC50 (mg kg-1)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg-1)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for p,p'-DDT

General:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		250	V3 Rat	Moderate
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight)		> 2510	L3 Rat as DDT	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-		-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1)		-	-	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1)		-	-	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		List I, II	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	-
	Occupational	-
European MRLs		Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		Non-statutory WHO drinking water guideline 0.001 mg/L	UK EA QS database, 2018	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1)		-	-	-

Health issues:

Carcinogen	Genotoxic	Endocrine disrupter	Reproduction / development effects	Cholinesterase inhibitor	Neurotoxicant
	A0; B0; C0; D0; E1			-
Respiratory tract irritant	Skin irritant	Skin sensitiser	Eye irritant	Phototoxicant
-		-		-
General human health issues		Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and via skin absorption Xenoestrogen agent Mutagenic Endocrine issues - Competitive binding to androgen receptors
Key: Genotoxicity A: Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) B: DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) C: Gene mutation (EFSA database) D: Genome mutation (EFSA database) E: Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0: No data 1: Positive 2: Mixed/ambiguous results 3: Negative			Key: Other : Yes, known to cause a problem : No, known not to cause a problem : Possibly, status not identified - : No data found

Handling issues:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General		When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes.
CLP classification 2013		Health: H301, H311, H330, H351, H372, H373 Environment: H400, H410
EC Risk Classification		-
EC Safety Classification		-
WHO Classification		NL	-	Not listed
UN Number		2761
Waste disposal & packaging		-

TRANSLATIONS
for p,p'-DDT

Language	Name
English	p,p'-DDT
French	p,p'-DDT
German	p,p'-DDT
Danish	p,p'-DDT
Italian	p,p'-DDT
Spanish	p,p'-DDT
Greek	p,p'-DDT
Slovenian	p,p'-DDT
Polish	p,p'-DDT
Swedish	p,p'-DDT
Hungarian	p,p'-DDT
Dutch	p,p'-DDT

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Record last updated: Wednesday 31 October 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk