Naled (Ref: OMS 75)

Naled (Ref: OMS 75)	Last updated: 01/09/2023
(Also known as: bromchlophos; BRP; dibrom; hibrom; bromex)

SUMMARY

Naled is mainly used for non-food applications. As an organophosphorus there are toxicity concerns and may cause cholinesterase inhibition in humans. Naled is practically nonpersistent in the environment with very rapid soil degradation rates. It is also not mobile and so should not be a risk to groundwater. It is toxic to birds and aquatic organisms and may pose a risk to honeybees.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Moderately mobile Warning: Significant data are missing	Ecotoxicity High alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: High; Bees acute contact ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Mammals acute toxicity: High; Reproduction/development effects; Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor; Neurotoxicant

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An insecticide used to control aphids, mites, mosquitoes, flies and many other pests

Example pests controlled

Aphids; Mites; Mosquitoes; Flies

Example applications

Fruit; Vegetables; Nuts; Poultry houses; Mushroom houses; Kennels

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1956

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

France

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia, USA

Chemical structure

Isomerism

A molecule with one chiral feature.

Chemical formula

C₄H₇Br₂Cl₂O₄P

Canonical SMILES

COP(=O)(OC)OC(C(Cl)(Cl)Br)Br

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

BUYMVQAILCEWRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C4H7Br2Cl2O4P/c1-10-13(9,11-2)12-3(5)4(6,7)8/H3h,1-2H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide, Acaricide

Substance groups

Organophosphate insecticide; Organophosphate acaricide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Non-systemic with rapid contact and stomach action. Cholinesterase inhibitor.

CAS RN

300-76-5

EC number

206-098-3

CIPAC number

195

US EPA chemical code

034401

PubChem CID

4420

CLP index number

015-055-00-6

Molecular mass

380.79

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

(RS)-1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethyl dimethyl phosphate

CAS name

1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethyl dimethyl phosphate

Other status information

Marine Pollutant; Chemical subject to PIC regulations; PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Aedes nigromaculis, Boophilus microplus, Delia antiqua, Musca domestica, Myzus persicae, Rhizoglyphus robini, plus others

Physical state

Colourless to yellow liquid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Amvac
Tekchem
Ningbo Yihwei Chemicals Co. Ltd.

Example products using this active

Bansect
Clean Crop
Dibrom
Hopkins

Formulation and application details

Available in a variety of formulations including emulsifiable concentrates, liquids and LVCs.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

2000

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

820000

Heptane

Melting point (°C)

27.0

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.51 X 10⁰²

Calculated

Log P

2.18

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.97

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

260

Highly volatile

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

6.60

Moderately volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Best available data

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

4.4

Moderately fast

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

0.7

Non-persistent

Note

pH sensitive: 4 days at pH 5, 0.1 days at pH 9

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Moderately mobile

K_oc

180

Notes and range

Best available data

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.00

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

4.30 X 10^-04

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

598

Estimated

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

dichlorvos (Ref: OMS 14)

Major fraction

0.165

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

High

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat 2 year

(ppm diet)

100

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 52

Anas platyrhynchos

High

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 0.002

Apis mellifera

High

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

0.0245

Megachile rotundata

High

Mode of exposure

Contact

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

0.0016

Nomia melanderi

High

Mode of exposure

Contact

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.195

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.00035

Daphnia magna

High

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.0077

Americamysis bahia

High

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

1.8

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.00035

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

High

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

High

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

800

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.2

Rat 4 hr

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List I; List II

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

May be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, by inhalation and through the intact skin

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin
May cause mild testicular degeneration

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Corrosive
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302, H312, H315, H319
Environment: H400

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

UN3018

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

naled

French

naled

German

Naled

Danish

naled

Italian

naled

Spanish

naled

Greek

naled

Polish

naled

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

naled

Norwegian

Record last updated:	01/09/2023
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242