Alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (Ref: ENT 9232) |
![]() Last updated: 16/12/2020 |
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(Also known as: alpha-HCH; alpha-benzenehexachloride; alpha-BHC; alpha-lindane) |
SUMMARY |
Alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane is an insecticide that is not generally approved for use in the developed world. It is moderately toxic to mammals and considered to be carcinogenic. Alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane has a low aqueous solubility and is highly volatile. It is moderately persistent is soil and slightly mobile. It is moderately toxic to birds and aquatic organisims. |
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Historically an insecticide and a component of the mixed isomer product but now only produced as a byproduct of lindane production. It is also a lindane impurity that has some insecticidal properties | |
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Soil-dwelling and plant eating insects | |
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Fruit and vegetable crops; Forestry; Public health applications | |
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Unknown | |
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UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Not applicable | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Also used in |
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Chemical structure |
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There are nine stereoisomers (eight diastereomers, one of which has two enantiomers). | |
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C₆H₆Cl₆ | |
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No data | |
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JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-LKPKBOIGSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C6H6Cl6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9/h1-6H/t1-,2-,3-,4-,5+,6+/m0/s1 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Insecticide, Other substance | |
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Impurity | |
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Organochlorine | |
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Synthetic | |
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Not applicable | |
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319-84-6 | |
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206-270-8 | |
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727 | |
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290.83 | |
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α-hexachlorocyclohexane | |
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POP; Water pollutant; Marine pollutant; Pan Bad Actor Chemical; PIC; Possible groundwater pollutant | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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White to beige coloured crystalline powder | |
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Formulations |
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2.0 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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18000 | CA3 CA = Medical and toxicological databases and information systems e.g. TOXNET (click here ) Ether3 = Unverified data of known source |
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159 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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288 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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6.61 X 1003 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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3.82 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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1.87 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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5.99 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately volatile | ||||||||
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No absorption > 290nm | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Degradation |
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175 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Persistent | |||||||
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DT₅₀ sandy loam 55 days in subtropical conditions (R2), temperate climate data suggests 150-200 days (R3) | ||||||||||
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Not thought to be a major degradation route | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Slightly mobile | |||||||
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1888 | ||||||||||
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Literature gives Koc range 1780-1995 mL g⁻¹ | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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1.62 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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4.93 X 10-02 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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High | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Slightly mobile | Calculated | - |
Other known metabolites |
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pentachlorocyclohexane | - | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - | |||||
tetrachlorobenzene | - | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - | |||||
trichlorobenzene | - | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - | |||||
dichlorobenzene | - | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - |
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177 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 0.820 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.370 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.1 | P2 P = Other governments and regulators Daphnia magna 25 day EC₅₀2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 10 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Chlorella pyrenoidosa4 = Verified data |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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177 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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List I | - | - | ||||||||
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May be absorbed through the skin | |||||||||
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May be absorbed through the skin | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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Exposure may cause dyspnoea, anorexia, tremors, convulsions and cramps Liver, kidney and heart toxicant |
Handling issues |
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Flammable | |||
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Carcinogen category 3: R40 T - Toxic: R52, Xn - Harmful: R25 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50/53 |
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S22, S36/37, S45, S60, S61 | |||
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NL (Not listed) | |||
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1230 | |||
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Packaging Group II (medium danger) |
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alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane | ||
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alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexan | ||
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Record last updated: | 16/12/2020 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |