glyphosate (Ref: MON 0573) ** CP 67573 ** sulfosate ** 2-[(phosphonomethyl)amino]acetic acid ** Translations

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SUMMARY

Glyphosate is a non-selective common and effective herbicide. It is highly soluble in water, relatively volatile and does not normally leach to groundwater. It is not persistent in soils but may be in aquatic systems under certain conditions. It is moderately toxic to humans and a skin and eye irritant. It is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, earthworms and honeybees.

GENERAL INFORMATION
for glyphosate

Description: A broad-spectrum herbicide used in a wide range of cropping, utility and industrial situations to for broad-spectrum control of weeds and grasses

Example pests controlled: Annual and perennial weeds, Broad-leaved weeds, Grasses

Example applications: Agriculture including cereals; Soybeans, Glyphosate tolerant crops; Horticulture; Forestry; Domestic gardens, lawns

Efficacy & activity: -

Availability status: Current

Introduction & key dates: 1971, first reported

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):

Status	Approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Germany/Slovakia
Date inclusion expires	15/12/2022
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	No
Listed in EU database	Yes

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries:

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Also used in: Australia, USA

Chemical structure:

Isomerism	-
Chemical formula	C3H8NO5P
Canonical SMILES	C(C(=O)O)NCP(=O)(O)O
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C3H8NO5P/c5-3(6)1-4-2-10(7,8)9/h4H,1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9)
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams:

Common Name	Relationship	Link
Glyphosate	-

General status:

Pesticide type	Herbicide
Substance group	Phosphonoglycine
Minimum active substance purity	950 g/kg
Known relevant impurities	EU dossier - Formaldehyde < 1 g/kg; N-nitroso-glyphosate < 1 mg/kg
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Broad-spectrum, systemic, contact action translocated and non-residual. Inhibition of EPSP synthase.
CAS RN	1071-83-6
EC number	213-997-4
CIPAC number	284
US EPA chemical code	417300
PubChem CID	3496
Molecular mass (g mol-1)	169.1
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	-
IUPAC name	N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine
CAS name	N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine
Other status information	Risk of herbicide resistance developing - anti-resistance management required; PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	G
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	9
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	Eleusine indica Lolium rigidum Amaranthus palmeri Euphorbia heterophylla
Physical state	Colourless crystals
Related substances & organisms	diflufenican ethoxylated tallow amine polyacrylamide 8-hydroxyquinoline

Formulations:

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Bayer Environ Dow AgroSciences Headland Makhteshim-Agan Monsanto Nufarm UK Syngenta
Example products using this active	Asteroid Envision Touchdown Glyfos Glyfos Daker Glyphosate 360 Glyphogan Kernel Manifest
UK LERAP status	Buffer probably required in UK - see product label
Formulation and application details	Often supplied as a soluble concentrate that is mixed with water and applied as a spray.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for glyphosate

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1)		10500	A3	High
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1)		0.6	A5 - Acetone	-
		0.6	A5 - Xylenes	-
		10	A5 - Methanol	-
		0.6	A5 - Ethyl acetate	-
Melting point (oC)		189.5	A5	-
Boiling point (oC)		Decomposes before boiling	A5	-
Degradation point (oC)		200	L3	-
Flashpoint (oC)		Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable	A5	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC	P	6.31 X 10-04	Calculated	-
	Log P	-3.2	A5 - @ 25 DegC	Low
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity		1.71	A5	-
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC		2.34	A5	-
		Note: Strong acid, pKa(2) = 5.73
Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa)		0.0131	A5	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1)		2.10 X 10-07	A5	Non-volatile
GUS leaching potential index		-0.25	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate	Value	5.35 X 10-03	Calculated	-
	Note	Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g-1 are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	Calculated	Medium
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1		290nm=10; No max in range 200-340 nm	A5	-
Surface tension (mN m-1)		72.2	A5	-

Degradation:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT50 (typical)	15.0	A5	Non-persistent
	DT50 (lab at 20oC)	15.0	A5	Non-persistent
	DT50 (field)	23.79	A5	Non-persistent
	DT90 (lab at 20oC)	215.2	A5	-
	DT90 (field)	169.68	A5	-
	DT50 modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	EU Dossier (2015) Lab studies DT50 range 1.0-67.7 days, DT90 range 9.3-1661 days, Soils=15; field studies DT50 range 5.7-40.9 days, DT90 range 66.9-386.6 days, Soils = 8
Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix	Value	10.6	R4	-
	Note	Published literature RL50 range 2.2-17.0 days, 6 field crops, various matrices, n=6
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7	Value	69	A5	Stable
	Note	pH sensitive: DT50 33 days at pH 5, 77 days at pH 9
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7	Value	Stable	A5	-
	Note	Stable pH 5 to pH 8 at 25 degC
Water-sediment DT50 (days)		74.5	A5	Moderately fast
Water phase only DT50 (days)		9.9	A5	Moderately fast

Soil adsorption and mobility:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	209.4	A5	Slightly mobile
	Koc	1424
	Notes and range	EU dossier (2015) Kd range 5.0-510 mL/g, koc range 884-50660 mL/g, Soils=9
Freundlich	Kf	226.3	A5	Non-mobile
	Kfoc	16331
	1/n	0.86
	Notes and range	EU dossier (2015) Kf range 9.4-700 mL/g, Kfoc range 1600-60000, 1/n range 0.72-1.16, Soils=11
pH sensitivity		No

Key metabolites:

Metabolite		Formation medium	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	1107/2009 relevancy
aminomethylphosphonic acid		Soil	0.538	Major fraction, Relevant

Other known metabolites:

Metabolite name and reference	Aliases	Formation medium / Rate	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Metabolising enzymes
N-acetyl-N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine	N-acetyl-glyphosate	Plants; Livestock	-	-
(acetamidomethyl)phosphonic acid	N-acetyl-AMPA	Plants; Livestock	-	-
(hydroxymethyl)phosphonic acid	HMPA	Water	-	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY
for glyphosate

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg-1)	0.5	F4 Whole fish	Low potential
	CT50 (days)	Not available		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 2000	A5 Rat	Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg-1)	150	A5 Rat	Moderate
	(ppm diet)	-		-
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 2250	A5 Colinus virginianus	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50)		> 4640 mg kg feed-1	A4 Unknown species	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		38.0	A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		25	A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss	Low
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1)		40	A5 Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		30	A5 Daphnia magna	Low
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		40.0	F4 Americamysis bahia	Moderate
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1)		12	A5 Lemna gibba	Low
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1)		4.4	F4 Scenedesmus quadricauda	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1)		2	Q2 Unknown species	Low
Honeybees	Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	> 100	A5	Low
	Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	100	A5	Moderate
	Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	-	-	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1)		> 5600	A5 Eisenia foetida	Low
Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1)		> 28.8	A5 Eisenia foetida	Moderate
Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola	LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR50 g ha-1	5760	> A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi	-
	% Effect	25 6	Mortality Fertility Dose: 3.72 kg ha-1 A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi, adult	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR50 g ha-1	4320	> A5 Typhlodromus pyri	-
	% Effect	30 0	Mortality Fertility Dose: 3.6 kg ha-1 A5 Typhlodromus pyri, lifecycle	-
Soil micro-organisms		Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect	A5 Dose: 18 kg ha-1	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for glyphosate

General:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 2000	A5 Rat	Low
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight)		> 2000	A5 Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1)		> 5.0	A5 Rat, 4 hr (nose only)	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-		-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.3	A5 Rat, SF=100	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.5	A5 rat, SF=100	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.1	A3 Rabbit, SF=500	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		1.0	A5	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Limits		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	Risks to bystanders and residents considered low
	Occupational	PPE/PPC recommended to reduce risks
European MRLs		Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1)		-	-	-

Health issues:

Carcinogen	Mutagen	Endocrine disrupter	Reproduction / development effects	Cholinesterase inhibitor	Neurotoxicant
Respiratory tract irritant	Skin irritant	Skin sensitiser	Eye irritant	Phototoxicant
		-		-
General human health issues		IARC group 2A carcinogen; USEPA - no evidence to support classification as human carcinogen Possible bladder and liver toxicant May cause serious eye damage Endocrine issues - Disruption of aromatase activity

: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found

Handling issues:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General		IMDG Transport Code is usually 9 Not oxidising or explosive Corrosive
CLP classification 2013		Handling: GHS05 Health: H318 Environment: H411
EC Risk Classification		Xn - Harmful: R41 N - Dangerous for the environment: R51, R53
EC Safety Classification		S2, S26, S39, S61
WHO Classification		III	-	Slightly hazardous
US EPA Classification (formulation)		III	-	Caution - Slightly toxic
UN Number		Variable with product, usually 3077 or 3082
Waste disposal & packaging		Packaging Group III (minor danger)

TRANSLATIONS
for glyphosate

Language	Name
English	glyphosate
French	glyphosate
German	Glyphosat
Danish	glyphosat
Italian	glifosate
Spanish	glifosato
Greek	glyphosate
Slovenian	glifosat
Polish	glifosat
Swedish	glyfosat
Hungarian	glifozat
Dutch	glyfosaat

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Record last updated: Wednesday 31 October 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk