| parathion (Ref: OMS 19) |
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Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health - A to Z Index - Home
GENERAL INFORMATION 
for parathion
Description: An insecticide and acaricide used to control sucking and chewing insects and mites
Introduction: circa 1950
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Italy |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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General status:
| Pesticide type | Insecticide, Acaricide | |||
| Substance group | Organophosphate | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Non-systemic with contact, stomach and some respiratory action. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. | |||
| CAS RN | 56-38-2 | |||
| EC number | 200-271-7 | |||
| CIPAC number | 10 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 057501 | |||
| Chiral molecule | No | |||
| Chemical formula | C10H14NO5PS | |||
| SMILES | S=P(Oc1ccc(cc1)[N+]([O-])=O)(OCC)OCC | |||
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1/C10H14NO5PS/c1-3-14-17(18,15-4-2)16-10-7-5-9(6-8-10)11(12)13/h5-8H,3-4H2,1-2H3 | |||
| Structure diagram/image available? | Yes | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 291.26 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | - | |||
| IUPAC name | O,O-diethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate | |||
| CAS name | O,O-diethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate | |||
| Other status information | PIC Annex III; Potential groundwater contaminant; Marine Pollutant; Rotterdam Convention (Class Ia) | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | 1B | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Physical state | Pale yellow liquid | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers of products using this active |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use or outside scope | |||
| Formulation and application details | Available in a variety of formulations including dusts, emulsion concentrates, granules, ULV liquids and wettable powders. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for parathion
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 12.4 | G4 | Low | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 200000 | L3 - Dichloromethane | - | |
| 200000 | L3 - Toluene | - | ||
| 75000 | L2 - Hexane | - | ||
| 200000 | L3 - Isopropanol | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 6.1 | L3 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | 375 | L3 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | 174 | L3 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 6.76 X 1003 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 3.83 | G4 | High | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.26 | AC4 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | - | - | - | |
| Note: | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa) | 0.89 | L3 | Non-volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 3.02 X 10-02 | L3 | Non-volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 20oC (dimensionless) | 2.50 X 10-05 | K3 | Moderately volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
2.09 | Calculated | Transition state | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 2.67 X 10-02 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Medium | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 49 | K4 | Moderately persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | 14 | F3 | Non-persistent | |
| DT50 (field) | 17 | AC4 | Non-persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| Note | ICULID datasheet DT50 lab studies 3-32 days, field studies DT50 range 2-58 days; Other sources: 7DT50 -10 days (R3) | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | 30 | AC4 | Stable |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | 260 | L3 | Persistent |
| Note | pH sensitive: DT50 272 days at pH 4, 130 days at pH 9, all at 22 degC | |||
| Water-Sediment DT50 (days) | 4.3 | K4 | Fast | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | 3.5 | K4 | Moderately fast | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | H3 | Non-mobile |
| Koc | 7660 | |||
| Notes and range | Other sources: 316.2-15849 mL/g (R3) | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | 17 | R4 | Slightly mobile |
| Kfoc | 580 | |||
| 1/n | 0.95 | |||
| Notes and range | Kf range 13.0-21.0 (229 for peat) mL/g, Kfoc range 491-636 (355 for peat) mL/g, 1/n - no data, Soils=4 | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF | 40 | P4 (Other literature values Log BCF range 1.1-1.9 (R3)) | Low potential |
| CT50 (days) | <0.5 | - | ||
| Bioaccumulation potential | - | Calculated | Low | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 2 | G4 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | L2 Rat, 2 year | - |
| (ppm diet) | 2 | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | 2.1 | G4 Anas platyrhynchos | High | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 1.5 | L3 Oncorhynchus mykiss | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 0.0025 | L3 Daphnia magna | High | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.00011 | F4 Americamysis bahia | High | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.14 | F3 Chironomus riparius, 1 day | Moderate | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | 0.5 | L3 Scenedemus subspicatus | Moderate | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees - Acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 0.21 | R4 Oral | High | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | > 267 | L3 Eisenia foetida | Moderate | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | Harmful | AB1 Typhlodromus pyri | Harmful | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for parathion
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 2 | G4 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | 71.0 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.03 | L3 Rat (aerosol) | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.004 | JMPR 1995 | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | List I; List II | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
| Occupational | - | |||
| Examples of European MRLs (mg kg-1) | Value | - | ||
| Note | For the EU pesticides database click here | |||
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Eye irritant |
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| General human health issues | Highly toxic Possible brain toxicant |
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: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
IMDG Transport Code is usually 6.1 | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | - | |||
| EC Risk Classification |
T+ - Very toxic: R26/28 T - Toxic: R24, R48/25 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
S1/2, S28, S36/37, S45, S60, S61 | |||
| WHO Classification | Ia | - | Extremely hazardous | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | I | - | Danger - Highly toxic | |
| UN Number | 3018 | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
Packaging Group I (great danger) | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | parathion |
| French | parathion |
| German | Parathion |
| Danish | parathion |
| Italian | paration |
| Spanish | paratión |
| Greek | parathion |
| Slovenian | paration |
| Polish | paration |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | parathion |
Record last updated: Saturday 17 August 2013
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk