| bronopol |
 |
Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health
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Further data may be found in the VSDB
GENERAL INFORMATION 
for bronopol
Description: A bactericide used mainly for non-food/feed purposes. Also has applications in fish medicine.
Example pests controlled: Broad spectrum of microbials; Slime; Moulds
Example applications: Non-agricultual applications such as air conditioning systems, humidifying systems, water colling, industrial processes
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1971 reported; 1984 first registered USA
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Not applicable |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: USA
General status:
| Pesticide type | Bactericide, Fungicide, Veterinary substance, Other substance | |||
| Other constituent type | Preservative | |||
| Substance group | Unclassified | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | - | |||
| Known relevant impurities | - | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Inhibition of dehydrogenase activity causes membrane damage | |||
| CAS RN | 52-51-7 | |||
| EC number | 200-143-0 | |||
| CIPAC number | 8037 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 216400 | |||
| Chiral molecule | No | |||
| Chemical formula | C3H6BrNO4 | |||
| SMILES | OCC([N+]([O-])=O)(Br)CO | |||
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |||
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C3H6BrNO4/c4-3(1-6,2-7)5(8)9/h6-7H,1-2H2 | |||
| Structure diagram/image available? | Yes | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 200.0 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol | |||
| IUPAC name | 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol | |||
| CAS name | 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol | |||
| Other status information | Listed on USA Toxic Release Inventory | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not known | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | - | |||
| Physical state | Colourless to pale yellow/brown solid | |||
| Related substances & organisms | ||||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use or outside scope | |||
| Formulation and application details | Usually supplied as a powder for dry application to seeds or as a liquid concentrate for use with fish. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for bronopol
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 250000 | L3 | High | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 500000 | L3 - Ethanol | - | |
| 250000 | L3 - Isopropanol | - | ||
| 10000 | L3 - Glycerol | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 130 | L3 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | Decomposes before boiling | L3 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | L3 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 1.51 X 1000 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 0.18 | P3 | Low | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | - | - | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | - | - | - | |
| Note: | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa) | 1.68 | L3 | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 1.16 X 10-06 | Q3 | Non-volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 20oC (dimensionless) | 5.52 X 10-10 | Calculated | Non-volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
- | - | - | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | - | - | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | - | - | - |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| Note: | - | |||
| Plant matrix DT50 (days) | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | CA2 | Very mobile |
| Koc | 5.0 | |||
| Notes and range | Estimated | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
Key metabolites:
| Metabolite | Formation medium | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | 91/414 relevancy |
|
| formaldehyde | Soil | Not relevant | ||
Other known metabolites:
| Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation medium / Rate | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | Metabolising enzymes |
| 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol(tris) | - | Water (Hydrolysis) | - | - |
| 2-bromo-2-nitroethanol | - | - | - | - |
| 2-hydroxy-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (tris) | - | - | - | - |
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 0.28 | Q2 Estimated | Low potential |
| CT50 (days) | Not available | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 254 | F4 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | L3 Rat | - |
| (ppm diet) | 1000 | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 510 | L3 Anas platyrhynchos | Moderate | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 20 | L3 Salmonidae | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | > 1.4 | L3 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 5.9 | F3 Americamysis bahia | Moderate | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for bronopol
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 254 | F4 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 1600 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 5.0 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | Intraperitoneal LD50 = 26.0 mg kg-1 | V3 Rat | - | |
| Intravenous LD50 = 37.4 mg kg-1 | V3 Rat | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.02 | A5 | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
| Occupational | - | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | May cause contact dermatitis May cause stomach lesions |
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: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
Prevent release of dust | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H302, H312, H315, H318, H335 Environment: H400 |
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| EC Risk Classification |
Xn - Harmful: R21/22, R41 Xi - Irritant: R37/38 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50 |
|||
| EC Safety Classification |
S2, S26, S37/39, S61 | |||
| WHO Classification | II | - | Moderately hazardous | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | II | - | Warning - Moderately toxic | |
| UN Number | - | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | bronopol |
| French | bronopol |
| German | Bronopol |
| Danish | bronopol |
| Italian | bronopol |
| Spanish | bronopol |
| Greek | bronopol |
| Slovenian | bronopol |
| Polish | bronopol |
| Swedish | bronopol |
| Hungarian | bronopol |
| Dutch | bronopol |
Record last updated: Friday 04 March 2016
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk