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Doramectin
Last updated: 23/02/2024
(Also known as: UK-67994)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Description
A veterinary drug used for the treatment and control of internal parasitosis
Availability status
Current
Introduction & key dates
1975, introduced
Examples of veterinary uses
Used to manage gastrointestinal roundworms, lungworms, eyeworms, grubs, sucking lice and mange mites in cattle and other animals
Examples of species treated
Cattle; Sheep; Pigs
Approval status
VMR 2013/2033 approval status (GB/UK)
Approved
EU Regulatory approval status
Approved
Chemical structure
Isomerism
Doramectin a chiral molecule
Chemical formula
C₅₀H₇₄O₁₄
Canonical SMILES
CC1C=CC=C2COC3C2(C(C=C(C3O)C)C(=O)OC4CC(CC=C(C1OC5CC(C(C(O5)C)OC6CC(C(C(O6)C)O)OC)OC)C)OC7(C4)C=CC(C(O7)C8CCCCC8)C)O
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@H]1C=C[C@]2(C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/C([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H](C([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)\C)O[C@@H]1C8CCCCC8
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)
QLFZZSKTJWDQOS-YDBLARSUSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)
InChI=1S/C50H74O14/c1-27-13-12-16-34-26-57-47-42(51)30(4)21-37(50(34,47)54)48(53)60-36-22-35(63-49(25-36)20-19-29(3)45(64-49)33-14-10-9-11-15-33)18-17-28(2)44(27)61-41-24-39(56-8)46(32(6)59-41)62-40-23-38(55-7)43(52)31(5)58-40/h12-13,16-17,19-21,27,29,31-33,35-47,51-52,54H,9-11,14-15,18,22-26H2,1-8H3/b13-12+,28-17+,34-16+/t27-,29-,31-,32-,35+,36-,37-,38-,39-,40-,41-,42+,43-,44-,45-,46-,47+,49+,50+/m0/s1
2D structure diagram/image available?
Yes
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams
Common Name Relationship Link
Doramectin monohydrate Variant
General status
Veterinary substance type
Antiparasitic, Endoparasitic, Acaricide, Insecticide, Anthelmintic
Substance groups
Avermectin
Minimum active substance purity
-
Known relevant impurities
-
Substance origin
Synthetic
Mode of action
Broad spectrum, induces rapid, non-spastic paralysis in nematodes and arthropods. Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulator.
Molecular targets
[Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3, Agonist], [Gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) receptor subunit beta-3, Agonist]
CAS RN
117704-25-3
EC number
-
CIPAC number
-
US EPA chemical code
-
PubChem CID
9832750
Therapeutic Class
Antiparasitic products, insecticides & repellents: Endectocides
ATCvet Code
QP54AA03
Controlled Drug?
No
Regulation 37/2010 MRL Classification
Allowed substance (Table 1: All mammalian food producing species)
Molecular mass
899.11
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)
-
IUPAC name
1'R,2S,4'S,5S,6R,8'R,10'E,12'R,13'S,14'E,20'R,21'R,24'S)-6-cyclohexyl-21',24'-dihydroxy-12'-{[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-{[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-5,11',13',22'-tetramethyl-5,6-dihydro-3',7',19'-trioxaspiro[pyran-2,6'-tetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosane]-10',14',16',22'-tetraen-2'-one
CAS name
25-cyclohexyl-5-O-demethyl-25-de(1-methylpropyl)avermectin A1a
Other status information
-
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards
UK Environment Agency non-statutory standard for the protection of aquatic life in freshwater and saltwater: 0.001 µg l⁻¹ as annual average, 0.01 µg l⁻¹ as max acceptable conc.
Physical state
Off-white crystalline solid
Related substances & organisms
Formulations
Property
Product
Manufacturer
Authorisation Route
Legal Class (GB/UK)
Example products (past and present) using this active
Dectomax 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection for Cattle and Sheep Elanco Animal Health UK National authorisation Prescription only medicine to be authorised by suitably qualified person (POM-VPS)
Taurador Pour-on Solution Norbrook Laboratories Ltd GB National authorisation Prescription only medicine to be authorised by suitably qualified person (POM-VPS)
Formulation and application details
Avilable in a variety of formulations including solutions for injection and pour-on products
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
0.025
F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source
 Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Melting point (°C)
160.5
F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data
 -
Boiling point (°C)
- - -
Degradation point (°C)
- - -
Flashpoint (°C)
- - -
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C
P
2.95 X 1007 Calculated -
Log P
7.47
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
 High
Fat solubility of residues
Solubility
- - -
Data type
- - -
Density (g ml⁻¹)
1.25
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C
12.42
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
-
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)
- - -
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)
- - -
Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost
From plant surface
- - -
From soil surface
- - -
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹
Peak at 244 nm with shoulders at 238 and 253 nm
F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)
- - -
Refractive Index
- - -
Environmental release
-
Degradation
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)
DT₅₀ (typical)
70
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications
4 = Verified data
 Moderately persistent
DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)
- - -
DT₅₀ (field)
- - -
DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)
- - -
DT₉₀ (field)
- - -
Note
Literature DT₅₀ range 61-79 days
Manure DT₅₀ (days)
22
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications
4 = Verified data
Sheep faeces		 -
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7
Value
- - -
Note
-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7
Value
- - -
Note
-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)
- - -
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)
- - -
Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)
- - -
Air degradation
As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.
Decay in stored produce DT₅₀
-
Soil adsorption and mobility
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Linear
Kd (mL g⁻¹)
289
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications
4 = Verified data
 Non-mobile
Koc (mL g⁻¹)
35900
Notes and range
Literature Koc range 7520 (silty loam) - 86900 (silty clay loam) mL g⁻¹; Koc = 34100 mL g⁻¹ cattle faeces
Freundlich
Kf (mL g⁻¹)
- - -
Kfoc (mL g⁻¹)
-
1/n
-
Notes and range
-
pH sensitivity
-
Fate indices
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index
-1.02 Calculated Low leachability
Bio-concentration factor
BCF (l kg⁻¹)
- - -
CT₅₀ (days)
- -
Known soil and groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites
Metabolite name and reference
Aliases
Formation medium / Rate
Estimated maximum occurrence fraction
3'-O-desmethyl doramectin - Cattle (Liver, Faeces) -
24-hydroxymethyl doramectin - Cattle (Liver, Faeces) -
24-hydroxymethyl-3'-O-desmethyl doramectin - Cattle (Liver, Faeces) -
ECOTOXICOLOGY
Terrestrial ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
> 1000
E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets
3 = Unverified data of known source
Rat		 Moderate
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL
(mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
(ppm diet)
- -
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
- - -
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
> 2000
V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID )
3 = Unverified data of known source
Colinus virginianus		 Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)
- - -
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
- - -
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
> 1000
F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data
Eisenia foetida		 Low
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Soil micro-organisms
- - -
Collembola
Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Non-target plants
- - -
- - -
Honeybees (Apis spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Chronic
- - -
Notes
-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
-
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Other bee species (1)
Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)
- - -
Mode of exposure
-
Other bee species (2)
Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)
- - -
Mode of exposure
-
Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Lacewings)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)
- - -
Aquatic ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
0.0051
E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets
3 = Unverified data of known source
Oncorhynchus mykiss		 High
Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
0.0001
E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets
3 = Unverified data of known source
Daphnia magna		 High
Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)
0.000025
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications
3 = Unverified data of known source
Daphnia magna 48 hr NOEC		 High
Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
> 0.42
F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source
Danio rerio EC₅₀ Embryo		 Moderate
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Mesocosm study data
NOEAEC mg l⁻¹
- - -
NOEAEC mg l⁻¹
- - -
Marine bivalves
- - -
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
General
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)
High (class III) - -
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
> 1000
E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets
3 = Unverified data of known source
Rat		 Moderate
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)
- - -
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints
- - -
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
Dermal penetration studies (%)
- - -
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464
- - -
Exposure Routes
Public
-
Occupational
-
Mammalian dose elimination route and rate
Most of the administered does is eliminated in the faeces, only around 1% is lost in the urine
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications
4 = Verified data
 -
Health issues
Specific human health issues
Carcinogen
Genotoxic
Endocrine disruptor
XNo, known not to cause a problem
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source)
3 = Negative
XNo, known not to cause a problem
Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant
XNo, known not to cause a problem
 No data found
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser
?Possibly, status not identified
?Possibly, status not identified
 No data found
Eye irritant Phototoxicant  
?Possibly, status not identified
 No data found  
General human health issues
May cause mild tachycardia, hypotension, fever, and hypothermia
Handling issues
Property
Value and interpretation
General
Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1
CLP classification 2013
-
WHO Classification
Not listed (Not listed)
UN Number
UN2811
Waste disposal & packaging
Packaging Group III (minor danger)
Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity
-
TRANSLATIONS
Language
Name
English
doramectin
French
doramectina
German
-
Danish
-
Italian
-
Spanish
doramectina
Greek
-
Polish
-
Swedish
-
Hungarian
-
Dutch
-
Norwegian
-
Record last updated: 23/02/2024
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as: Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242