Geraniol (Ref: Mevalone 3AEY)

Geraniol (Ref: Mevalone 3AEY)	Last updated: 29/06/2023
(Also known as: (E)-geraniol; (E)-nerol; AI3-00206; Lemonol)

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Drainflow: Mobile Warning: Significant data are missing	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Genotoxic Warning: Significant data are missing

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A plant derived alcohol that has been show to repel various insects including flies, mosquitoes, ticks and fleas

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

Examples of species treated

Humans, dogs, cats, cattle

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Geraniol and nerol are geometric isomers of citral

Chemical formula

C₁₀H₁₈O

Canonical SMILES

CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C

Isomeric SMILES

CC(=CCC/C(=C/CO)/C)C

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-JXMROGBWSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C10H18O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,7,11H,4,6,8H2,1-3H3/b10-7+

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Veterinary substance type

Insect repellent

Substance groups

Plant derived substance

Minimum active substance purity

980 g/Kg

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - none declared

Substance origin

Natural

Mode of action

Though to distrupt the cell walls, membranes and organelles of micro-organisms

Molecular targets

CAS RN

106-24-1

EC number

203-377-1

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

597501

PubChem CID

ATCvet Code

Therapeutic Class

Controlled Drug?

Regulation 37/2010 MRL Classification

Not listed

Molecular mass

154.25

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

(E) 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol

CAS name

(E) 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol

Other status information

Used as a food additive

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Physical state

Colourless to pale yellow, clear viscous liquid with a floral odor

Related substances & organisms

thymol

nerolidol

citronella oil

trans-citral

Formulations

Property

Product

Manufacturer

Authorisation Route

UK Legal Class

Example products using this active

Bugband Insect Repellent

Bugband USA

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as a capsule suspension for aqueous dilution and application via hydraulic or knapsack sprayers

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

572

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

>250000

n-Heptane

>250000

Methanol

>250000

Ethyl acetate

>250000

Acetone

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

230

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

96.5

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

6.46 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.81

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

0.889

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

4600

Highly volatile

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

1.22

Moderately volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

No absorption >290nm

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

40.7

Refractive Index

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

Note

Manure DT₅₀ (days)

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Mobile

K_oc

Notes and range

Data caluated using predictive software

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

CT₅₀ (days)

Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 4000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 10000

Colinus virginianus as product

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 5866 mg kg⁻¹ BW

Colinus virginianus as product

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 500

Eisenia foetida as product corr

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose 54.5 mg product/kg soil

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 200

as formulation

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

11.6

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

16.1

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

48.0

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata growth rate

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

Low (class I)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 4000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

Subcutaneous LD₅₀ = 1090 mg kg⁻¹

Mouse

Intravenous LD₅₀ = 50 mg kg⁻¹

Mouse

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.5

Rat SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.5

Rat SF =100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

100

Default

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Acceptable for proposed uses

Occupational

Acceptable for proposed uses

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Extensively and rapidly absorbed, excreted via urine (>50% in 24hr)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

May case gastric irritation
Possible liver, heart and kidney toxicant

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising

CLP classification 2013

Health: H319, H315, H317

WHO Classification

Not listed (Not listed)

UN Number

Not regulated

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

Geraniol

French

German

Danish

Italian

Spanish

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	29/06/2023
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242