Orange oil |
![]() Last updated: 29/06/2023 |
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(Also known as: D-limonene) |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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Main veterinary application is for flea and tick control on domestic pets | |
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Current | |
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Dogs, Cats |
Chemical structure |
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d-limonene has two optical isomers. D-limonene is the main consitutent of organge oil | |
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Major constituent: C=C(\C1C/C=C(/C)CC1)C | |
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Major constituent: InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,10H,1,5-7H2,2-3H3 | |
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No |
General status |
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Insect repellent, Antimicrobial | |
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Plant derived substance | |
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Natural; Complex mixture | |
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Odourous repellent | |
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[Epididymal-specific lipocalin-9] | |
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8028-48-6 | |
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232-433-8 | |
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None allocated | |
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QP53AX | |
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Antiparasitic products, Insecticides and Repellents: Ectoparasiticides, Insecticides and Repellents | |
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No | |
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No data | |
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218.33 | |
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Major consitutent: (R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene | |
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Major consitituent: (4R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene | |
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EC 2232/96 Annex 1 registered as food flavouring agent | |
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Yellow oily liquid with citrus odour comprised of a complex and variable mixture of d-limonene (~95%) plus alpha-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, linalool, citronellal, neral and geranial. | |
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Formulations |
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None identified | None identified | Not known | Not applicable | ||||||
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Usually suppled as ready-to-use formulations such as sprays and as emulsifiable concentrates, granules and impregnated collars |
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13.8 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) at 25 °C3 = Unverified data of known source |
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176 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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443 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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2.00 X 1005 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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5.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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1 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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160000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Highly volatile | ||||||||
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1580 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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246 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None available | - |
Known soil metabolites |
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Known groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 5000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat as limonene5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 1405 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹ | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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999.7 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) as product corr3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 100 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) as product3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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0.702 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Pimephales promelas3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.421 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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4.08 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Scenedesmus subspicatus growth5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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Low (class I) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 5000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat as limonene5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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85 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Acceptable for proposed uses | |||||||||
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Acceptable for proposed uses | ||||||||||
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Rapidly excreted (2-3 days) majority in urine & less than 10% in faeces | - | - |
Health issues |
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Major consitituent may be a skin sensitiser |
Handling issues |
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Flammable Not explosive or oxidising |
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Health: H317; H315l H319 | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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orange oil | ||
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Record last updated: | 29/06/2023 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |