Ethylenethiourea

Ethylenethiourea	Last updated: 04/03/2020
(Also known as: ethylene thiourea; 2-imidazoline-2-thiol; ETU)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A major transformation product of widely used ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides

Availability status

Not applicable

Introduction & key dates

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not applicable

Date COPR inclusion expires

Not applicable

UK LERAP status

Not applicable

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not applicable

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Not applicable

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Not applicable

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Chemical formula

C₃H₆N₂S

Canonical SMILES

C1CNC(=S)N1

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

PDQAZBWRQCGBEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C3H6N2S/c6-3-4-1-2-5-3/h1-2H2,(H2,4,5,6)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
ethylenethiourea	-

General status

Pesticide type

Metabolite

Metabolite Type

Soil, Surface water, Sediment, Groundwater, Animal

Substance group

Thiourea

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Not applicable

CAS RN

96-45-7

EC number

202-506-9

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

600016

PubChem CID

CLP index number

613-039-00-9

Molecular mass

102.16

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

imidazolidine-2-thione

CAS name

2-imidazolidinethione

Other status information

Volatile organic compound (VOC)

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Can be a metabolite of:

Parent

Formation medium

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

1107/2009 relevancy

metiram

Soil

0.112

Major fraction, Relevant

mancozeb

Soil

0.248

Major fraction, Relevant

maneb

Soil

0.638

Major fraction, Relevant

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

NA-22
Pennac CRA

Example products using this active

Formulation and application details

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

1000

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

100000

DMSO

3000

Ethanol (955)

Melting point (°C)

203

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

2.19 X 10^-01

Calculated

Log P

-0.66

predicted

Low

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

3,1 X 10^-03

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

0.69

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

0.69

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

9.4

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

0.7

Geometric mean of normalised lab study values

Note

EU 2018 dossier lab studies (normalised) DT₅₀ range 0.1-12.8 days, DT₉₀ 0.3-50.4 days, Soils=13

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

8.6

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 3.3-19.5 days, 4 field grown crops, various matrices, n=4

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Moderately fast

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 5 to pH 9

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Moderately fast

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

K_oc

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f

0.763

Mobile

K_foc

¹/_n

0.439

Notes and range

EU 2018 dossier K_f range 0.51-1.14 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 34-146 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.327-0.552, Soils = 4

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

-0.35

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

4.32 X 10^-04

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Mobile

Calculated

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

CT₅₀ (days)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

545

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Rat NOAEL

High

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2250

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

1.8

Anas platyrhynchos NOEC

High

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 490

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Low

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

10.0

Xenopus laevis

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

21.6

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

2.0

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Americamysis bahia

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

> 960

Lemna minor

Low

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

93.8

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1000

Eisenia foetida

Low

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 4.2 kg ha⁻¹

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

545

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.002

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.05

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.05

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.005

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

European MRLs

EU MRL pesticide database

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Various sources report this substance as mutagen, teratogen, and carcinogen
IARC Group 3 carcinogen; USEPA - probable human carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

No information available

CLP classification 2013

EC Risk Classification

Reproduction risk category 2: R61
Xn - Harmful: R22

EC Safety Classification

S45, S53

WHO Classification

NL (Not listed)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

ethylenethiourea

French

ethylene thiouree

German

Ethylenthioharnstoff

Danish

ethylenthiourinstof

Italian

etilentiourea

Spanish

etilentiourea

Greek

Polish

imidazolidyno-2-tion

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

ethyleenthioureum

Record last updated:	04/03/2020
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242